Information about http://www.quark.com/products/xpress/pdf/qxp7_glossary_en.pdf
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Tags: agates, alignment, alpha channel, anchor, capital letters, column length, comma, dollar sign, job ticket, line spacing, lowercase characters, mask, measurement system, opentype fonts, print dialog, small caps, type style, uppercase characters, vertical column, vertical line,Pages: 23
Language: english
Created: Mon Apr 10 14:29:27 2006
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ABSOLUTE LEADING -- ANCHOR
QuarkXPress AGATES
A measurement system commonly used for
measuring vertical column length in classified ads.
Glossary ALIGN ON TAB
A tab alignment option that allows you to align
text on a particular character (such as a dollar sign
ABSOLUTE LEADING or comma).
Vertical line spacing for text, specified as an exact
amount, usually measured in points. See also ALL CAPS
leading, auto leading, and incremental leading. A type style that makes all characters display in
uppercase. (Note, however, that this type style
ABSOLUTE PAGE NUMBER does not actually change the characters to
A page's position relative to the first page of a uppercase characters.)
layout, regardless of how the layout is numbered
or sectioned. You can indicate absolute page num- ALL SMALL CAPS
bers in the Go to Page and Print dialog boxes by A feature available in some OpenType fonts.
preceding the numeral with a plus (+) character. Includes smaller versions of capital letters for
both uppercase and lowercase characters.
ACTIVE JOB TICKET
A Job Ticket that is associated with a particular ALPHA CHANNEL
project. See Deferred Job Ticket. Commonly referred to as a "mask" or "alpha mask."
A grayscale channel in a picture file that can make
ACTIVE parts of an image opaque, transparent, or partially
An active QuarkXPress item is an item that has been transparent. Within an alpha channel, white equates
clicked on or otherwise selected. Active boxes, text to 100% opaque, a shade of gray equates to partial
paths, tables, and lines have colored outlines and transparency, and black equates to full transparency.
handles for resizing or reshaping. An active group QuarkXPress lets you use alpha channels to gener-
displays with a dotted-line border; the items in the ate runarounds and clipping paths and to "mask"
group display with outlines. An item's outlines and an image against its background. Alpha channels
handles use the color assigned to the layer the item must be created in an image-editing application and
is on. The active project is the project displayed in saved with a picture file.
the active document window in QuarkXPress. If a
window is split, only one part of it is active at a time. ALPHA MASK
See alpha channel.
ADDITIVE COLOR
A system in which color is produced by combining ALTERNATES
primary-colored light. In an additive color system, Some OpenType fonts include glyph variations for
all primary colors at full brightness combine to specific characters (for example, different versions of
yield white. RGB monitors typically use additive the ampersand character). Alternates may include
color. See also subtractive color. historical forms, ornaments, a slashed zero, and
stylistic alternates.
ADJUSTMENT
In QuarkXPress, an effect applied to a picture by per- ANCHOR
forming operations on pixels one-by-one, without A range of text, point in text, or item that can be
considering surrounding pixels. See also filter. linked to using a hyperlink.
QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY | 1
ANCHORED ITEM -- BLEED RECTANGLE
ANCHORED ITEM BACKGROUND COLOR
A picture box, text box, table, or line that has been The color applied to the background of a box.
pasted into a text box. An anchored item acts like
a character and flows with the text. BASELINE
The invisible line upon which characters and
APPEND anchored items sit in a line of text. Used for
To copy a set of specifications (for example, style measuring leading, for baseline shift, and for
sheets, colors, or H&J specifications) from a different type styles such as superscript and subscript
project into the active project. You can also append that adjust the vertical position of text.
entire layouts into the active project.
BASELINE GRID
ASCENT A nonprinting grid, usually invisible, that can be
The value specified by the font designer to indicate used to align text across columns and boxes on
the amount of space needed to accommodate a font a page.
above its baseline. Used by QuarkXPress for auto
leading and incremental leading, scaling drop caps, BASELINE SHIFT
aligning anchored boxes, and for positioning the A character attribute that lets you raise or lower
first line of text in a text box. text and anchored items relative to their normal
baseline position.
AUTO LEADING
A setting that lets QuarkXPress automatically calcu- BÉZIER BOX TOOLS
late vertical line spacing for text in a paragraph based Tools that let you draw boxes with curved and
on the fonts, font styles, font sizes, and anchored straight line segments.
items used in each line. The value or percentage you
enter in the Auto Leading field in the Paragraph BÉZIER BOX
panels of the Preferences dialog box (QuarkXPress/ A box that includes Bézier curves.
Edit menu) is added to all paragraphs where auto
leading has been specified. See also leading, absolute BÉZIER CURVE
leading, and incremental leading. A mathematically defined curve that can be con-
trolled via two points (one on either end) and two
AUTOMATIC TEXT BOX curve handles. Named after Pierre Bézier. See also
A text box that is linked to the automatic text corner point, curve handles, smooth point, and
chain. Automatic text boxes are typically created symmetrical point.
on master pages.
BITMAP IMAGE
AUTOMATIC TEXT CHAIN Technically, any raster image. However, this term
The text chain that is defined by the automatic text has evolved to refer mostly to 1-bit raster images.
box on a master page. To create an automatic text
chain, link a text box to the chain icon in the upper BLEED
left corner of a master page. A page element that extends to the trimmed edge
of the finished page.
AUXILIARY DICTIONARY
A user-defined dictionary used to check BLEED RECTANGLE
spelling in QuarkXPress layouts that contain The area of the bleed beyond the layout boundaries,
specialized vocabulary. as defined by the bleed values you enter. For exam-
ple, if you use Custom Bleeds XTensions software
BACKGROUND to create a symmetric bleed with a value of 2 picas,
The area within a picture box or text box that is the bleed rectangle encompasses everything that is
behind the content of the box. within 2 picas of each page edge.
2 | QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY
BLEND -- CIE (COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE L'ECLAIRAGE)
BLEND CGI (COMMON GATEWAY INTERFACE)
In QuarkXPress, a box background that displays A specification that allows the creation of Web
a gradual transition between two colors and/or server-based scripts or applications that can receive
opacities. You can create blends with the Colors data submitted from HTML forms, process that data,
palette (Window menu). and return a result. CGI scripts and applications can
be written in a variety of programming languages.
BOOK
A QuarkXPress file that opens as a palette and allows CHANNEL
you to link to and group multiple QuarkXPress A particular aspect of a picture file. For example, a
projects. Each project in a book is called a chapter. grayscale picture may have only one channel, but
Global specifications such as style sheets, colors, and if a picture uses the RGB color model, it has at least
H&J specifications can be synchronized using a three channels: a red channel, a green channel,
master chapter. and a blue channel. Picture files can also contain
alpha channels.
BOUNDING BOX
A rectangular box that fully encloses an item or CHAPTER
group so that it can be moved or resized. Also called One of a group of QuarkXPress projects in a
the bounding area. QuarkXPress book.
BROWSER CHARACTER ATTRIBUTE
See Web browser. A formatting specification applied to a
character, such as font or color. Can be
CACHE accessed via the Character Attributes
An area on disk or in memory where information is dialog box (Style © Character).
temporarily stored in order to speed up an operation.
CHARACTER SPACE
CALIBRATION The amount of space between characters, as defined
Bringing a device such as a printer or monitor to by the font designer. Also known as intercharacter
an absolute standard to ensure consistency over space or letter space. You can modify the spacing
time and across devices of the same make and between characters with the Kern and Track
model. Calibration makes color displayed on a commands and the justification controls.
monitor resemble a color matching system (such
as a swatch book) as closely as possible. See also CHOKE
color management. A trapping option in which the shape of the
knocked-out area of the background is made slightly
CAP HEIGHT smaller, causing foreground items to overlap its
The distance from the baseline to the top of an edges. See also knockout, overprint, and spread.
uppercase character.
CICERO
CELL A unit of measurement in the Didot system. A
One of a series of rectangular, grouped boxes that cicero is slightly larger than a pica and is equal
make up a table. Cells can contain text or pictures, to approximately 4.55 millimeters.
or have a content of None.
CIE (COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE
DE L'ECLAIRAGE)
An international committee that has established
various color standards such as device-independent
color spaces. See also CIE LAB color space.
QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY | 3
CIE LAB COLOR SPACE -- COLORSYNC
CIE LAB COLOR SPACE COLOR GAMUT
A standard color space recommended by the CIE in A range of colors supported by a particular device
which colors are specified by a lightness coordinate or system. For instance, a device gamut is the range
(L*) and two chrominance coordinates (a* for green- of colors that a particular device, such as a printer,
red and b* for blue-yellow). In the CIE LAB color can produce. An image gamut is the range of colors
space, equal distances represent color differences of in a particular image. See also color space.
roughly equal visual magnitudes. CIE LAB has a
larger color gamut than RGB or CMYK, and thus COLOR LIBRARY
supports more colors. A selection of predefined colors. Color libraries
available in QuarkXPress include RGB, HSB, LAB,
CLIPPING PATH CMYK, Multi-Ink, DIC, FOCOLTONE, PANTONE,
A Bézier curve-based outline that tells an applica- TOYO, TRUMATCH, Web named colors, and Web
tion such as QuarkXPress which areas of a picture safe colors.
should be considered transparent. If you use an
image-editing application to create a clipping path, COLOR MANAGEMENT
the clipping path is embedded into the picture The science of compensating for differences between
file. If you create a clipping path in QuarkXPress, the color gamuts supported by different formats and
the clipping path is stored only in the QuarkXPress devices. Color management software attempts to
project file. keep color as consistent as possible from scanner to
printing press, and to allow users of applications
CMM (COLOR MANAGEMENT MODULE) such as QuarkXPress to see a realistic representation
A color transformation engine ("color engine"). The of final printed colors on their monitors.
CMM translates data from one device's colors to
another's using a device-independent color space. COLOR MANAGER
A CMM uses information from the ICC profiles to The CMS (Color Management System) built
accurately transform a color from one device to into QuarkXPress.
another. The result is color that is as consistent as
possible from device to device. COLOR MODE
See color model.
CMS (COLOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)
Color management systems commonly use ICC COLOR MODEL
profiles and CMMs to achieve consistent color A means of describing colors, such as RGB, CMYK,
across different color spaces and devices such as or CIE LAB.
monitors, printers, and presses.
COLOR SEPARATION
CMYK (CYAN, MAGENTA, The process of generating multiple plates to represent
YELLOW, BLACK) the multiple colors in a layout, so that the layout
The standard ink colors used in four-color process can be printed on a press. Layouts may be separated
printing. Also called process inks or process colors. into spot color plates, process color plates, or a
See also spot color. combination of both.
COLOR ENGINE COLOR SPACE
See CMM. A range of colors supported by a particular color
model, such as RGB or CMYK. See also color gamut.
COLORSYNC
The Mac OS color management system.
4 | QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY
COMPOSITE COLOR -- DENOMINATOR
COMPOSITE COLOR CROP MARKS
The opposite of process color. A process color is a Short vertical and horizontal lines printed outside
combination of component colors that approxi- the page's final trim size, indicating where a printed
mates a target color, but a composite color is the page should be cut to achieve the desired page size.
target color itself. Also known as cut marks or trim marks. See also
finished page area.
COMPOSITION LAYOUT
A special kind of layout that is used only to provide CROSS-STREAM KERNING
contents for a composition zone. You can think of Kerning that runs perpendicular to the flow of text.
a composition layout as the layout that is visible For example, if text flow is left-to-right, cross-stream
through the "window" of a composition zone. kerning controls the vertical relationship between
Multiple synchronized composition zones can show pairs of characters.
a single composition layout, but a composition
layout can be edited by only one person at a time. CSS (CASCADING STYLE SHEETS)
A World Wide Web Consortium standard that lets
COMPOSITION ZONE you easily create and maintain style and formatting
An item that shows the contents of a composition for both HTML and XML.
layout that exists elsewhere. You can think of a
composition zone as a "window" through which CURVE HANDLES
you can see the contents of a different layout. Handles that extend from either side of a point on
a Bézier curve and allow you to control the curve's
CONTENT ATTRIBUTE shape. See also corner point, smooth point, and
Formatting that can be applied to something in an symmetrical point.
item, such as bold formatting (for text) or QuarkVista
effects (for pictures). DASHES & STRIPES
User-created styles that can be applied to lines, text
CONTEXT MENU paths, or box frames.
A menu accessible by Control+clicking/
right-clicking. Context menus contain commands DCS (DESKTOP COLOR SEPARATIONS)
that are specific to the item or palette you are An EPS-based file format with pre-separated plates
clicking on. and a master composite image. A DCS can contain
raster and vector graphics, and allows 1-bit,
CONTEXTUAL ALTERNATES grayscale, RGB, CMYK, and spot color models.
A feature available in some OpenType fonts. A picture in DCS format may be stored as one file,
Includes ligatures and alternate glyphs that replace or as five (or more) separate files. See also EPS.
specific letter combinations for a more natural look.
DECIMAL TAB
CORNER POINT A tab alignment option that lets you align
A point in a Bézier curve that connects two straight decimal numbers, such as dollar amounts, by
line segments, a straight line segment and a curved their decimal points.
line segment, or two noncontinuous curved line
segments. In the case of curved lines, the corner DEFERRED JOB TICKET
point's curve handles can be manipulated inde- A Job Ticket that was once associated with a partic-
pendently of one another, usually to form a sharp ular project, but is no longer associated with that
transition between the two segments. See also point, project because the project was moved, deleted, or
smooth point, and symmetrical point. never saved. See active Job Ticket.
DENOMINATOR
The bottom numeral in a fraction.
QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY | 5
DESCENT -- EM DASH
DESCENT DISCRETIONARY NEW LINE CHARACTER
The value specified by a font designer to indicate A manually inserted, invisible, zero-width character
the amount of space needed to accommodate a (Command+Return/Ctrl+Enter or Utilities ©
font below its baseline. Used by QuarkXPress for Insert Character © Special) that indicates where
auto leading. a word can be broken to fit text on the line. A dis-
cretionary new line character acts like a return only
DESTINATION PROFILE if QuarkXPress breaks the word at that point.
In Quark Color Manager, the ICC profile of the
device your output will be sent to. DISPLAY SIMULATION
The process of using color management tools to
DEVICE GAMUT simulate what an image or layout will look like
The color gamut supported by a particular device. when output to a particular medium (such as a
CMYK press). Commonly used in proofing.
DEVICE PROFILE
See ICC profile. DOWNSAMPLE
A technique for creating a lower-resolution version of
DEVICE-DEPENDENT COLOR a high-resolution raster image file without compro-
Color that relies on specific colorants to define mising image quality, in order to reduce processing
its color space. The RGB color space, as used in time when a file is printed. When downsampling an
monitors, is one type of device-dependent color. area into a single pixel, QuarkXPress uses the average
value of the pixels in that area. See also subsample.
DEVICE-INDEPENDENT COLOR
Color that does not rely on specific colorants or DPI (DOTS PER INCH)
color models and is not associated with any specific A method of measuring resolution when referring to
input or output device. The CIE LAB color space is printers and monitors. DPI is also used to measure
an example of device-independent color. the resolution of an image. See also LPI.
DIC COLORS DROP CAP
A spot color ink matching system from Dainippon A large initial capital letter on the first word of a
Ink and Chemicals, Inc. paragraph that extends below the paragraph's
first line.
DIDOT
A European measurement system. Includes DROP SHADOW
the Cicero. An automatically-created featherable shadow effect
applied either to an item or to text in a box with a
DISCRETIONARY HYPHEN background of None.
A manually inserted character (Command+hyphen/
Ctrl+hyphen or Utilities © Insert Character © EFFECT
Special) that indicates where a word can be broken See picture effect.
to fit text on the line. A discretionary hyphen dis-
plays as a hyphen only if QuarkXPress hyphenates EM
the word at that point; otherwise, it is invisible and A relative measurement equal to the point size of
takes up no space. the type in use.
DISCRETIONARY LIGATURES EM DASH
A feature available in some OpenType fonts. A dash that is one em wide (Option+Shift+hyphen/
Includes special ligatures such as ct, sp, st, and fh. Ctrl+Shift+=, or Utilities © Insert Character ©
Discretionary ligatures are rarely included in fonts. Special © Em Dash).
See standard ligatures.
6 | QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY
EM SPACE -- FLEXIBLE SPACE
EM SPACE FEATHER
A space that is one em wide (Command+6/ To blur the edges of a shape or selection.
Ctrl+Shift+7, or Utilities © Insert Character ©
Space © Em Space). By default, the width of an FIGURE SPACE
em space is the same as the point size of the text, A fixed space with the width of a zero in a
but if you check Standard Em Space in the given font.
Character panes of the Preferences dialog box
(QuarkXPress/Edit menu), QuarkXPress defines FILL CHARACTER
an em space as the width of two zeros (00). See A user-specified character (or pair of characters)
also en space. that can be automatically repeated from the point
where a tab is entered to the next tab stop.
EN
A relative measurement equal to one half of an em. FILTER
In QuarkXPress, an effect applied to a picture by
EN DASH performing operations on pixels based on the
A dash that is one em wide (Option+hyphen/ value of each pixel, the values of its surrounding
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+hyphen, or Utilities © Insert pixels, and/or statistics about the image as a whole.
Character © Special © En Dash). Typically used See also adjustment.
to indicate a range of numbers.
FINISHED PAGE AREA
EN SPACE The portion of an electronic page that represents the
A space that is half the width of an em space final size after printing and trimming. Crop marks
(Option+space/Ctrl+Shift+6, or Utilities © Insert on the unfinished page indicate where the finished
Character © Space © En Space). The width of an page area begins, but the crop marks themselves are
en space is dependent on the Standard Em Space not part of this area.
setting in the Character panes of the Preferences
dialog box (QuarkXPress/Edit menu). FLATTENING
The process of simulating transparency by combin-
EPS ing "stacked" elements in a layout or picture into a
A picture file format that can contain raster image single two-dimensional image. In QuarkXPress, flat-
data, vector image data, or both. tening occurs only in the print stream, as items are
fed to the print engine. A PSD file can have multiple
EVALUATION layers; if the creator of the file merges those layers
Checking a layout to make sure that it fits the job into a single layer, the file is said to be flattened.
definition and to make sure it can be printed or
exported as intended. Similar to preflighting. See FLEXIBLE SPACE
Job Jackets file. A fixed space with a user-modifiable percentage of a
standard en space, specified in the Character panes
EXTERNAL COMPOSITION LAYOUT of the Preferences dialog box (QuarkXPress/Edit
A composition layout that has been exported as a menu). To enter a breaking flexible space character
separate project. Another user can edit an external in text, press Option+Shift+space/Ctrl+Shift+5; to
composition layout, and that user's changes update enter a nonbreaking flexible space character, press
in any host layouts. Command+Option+Shift+space/Ctrl+Alt+Shift+5.
You can also enter a flexible space using
FACING PAGES Utilities © Insert Character © Space ©
Alternating left and right pages, as in books and Flexible Space or Utilities © Insert Character ©
magazines. Each spread consists of two facing pages. Space (Nonbreaking) © Flexible Space.
Facing-page layouts measure inside and outside
margins, rather than left and right margins.
QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY | 7
FOCOLTONE -- GUTTER
FOCOLTONE GAP
A system for specifying colors that can be created The space between the dots, dashes, or stripes
by printing the specified CMYK percentages under of a frame or line that uses a dotted, dashed, or
standard printing conditions. striped style.
FONT GIF (GRAPHIC INTERCHANGE FORMAT)
A named set of characters and glyphs in a specific A compressed, indexed-color picture file format
typeface and weight. often used in Web layouts. The GIF format is well-
suited for images with large areas of continuous
FORCED JUSTIFICATION color, such as many logotypes.
A form of text justification in which the last line
of the paragraph is forced to stretch all the way GLYPH
to the right margin, no matter how great the dis- An image of a character or group of characters in a
tance. Requires a paragraph return at the end of font. Most characters in most roman fonts have
the paragraph. only one glyph, but some fonts contain ligatures
that join two or more characters into a single glyph,
FORM and some fonts have multiple "alternate" glyphs for
An HTML tag set containing text fields and buttons one character.
that the end user can use to send information to a
CGI script or application on the Web server. GRAPHIC
See picture.
FOUR-COLOR PROCESS
A printing process that uses the four basic process GRAYSCALE
color printing inks cyan, magenta, yellow, and A color model consisting of shades of gray ranging
black (CMYK). from black to white. Grayscale images are printed
with single plate, typically using a halftone.
FRACTIONS
Many fonts contain glyphs for 1/2, 1/4, and 3/4 fractions. GREEKING
Some OpenType fonts also include glyphs for addi- In QuarkXPress, greeking refers to text or pictures
tional fractions, including 1/3, 2/3, 1/8, 3/8, 5/8, and 7/8. Some that display on-screen as gray patterns to speed
OpenType styles also offer the ability to build screen update.
any fraction.
GRID LINES
FRAME The borders of a cell. Grid lines can be formatted
A decorative border placed around a text box or a using Dashes & Stripes styles.
picture box.
GROUP
GAMMA In QuarkXPress, a collection of items that can be
For color monitors, the relationship between the manipulated as a single item (Item © Group).
specified color intensities and those colors as they
display on a monitor. Adjusting the gamma value GUIDES
is an important step in calibrating a monitor. See margin guides and ruler guides.
GAMUT GUTTER
See color gamut. The blank space between adjacent columns on a
page or between facing pages.
8 | QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY
H&J (HYPHENATION AND JUSTIFICATION) -- HYPHENATION
H&J (HYPHENATION AND HIGH FIDELITY COLOR
JUSTIFICATION) Any one of a number of proprietary multi-ink color
The H&Js command (Edit menu) lets you control systems designed to provide greater color capability
hyphenation and justification in both justified and than the traditional four-color process system.
nonjustified paragraphs, and specify how space is
added or subtracted between characters and words HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL SCALE
in paragraphs. A Style menu command that allows you to con-
dense and expand character width or height by a
HAIRLINE percentage value.
A very thin rule or line. A hairline's width depends
on the output device's resolution. QuarkXPress prints HOST LAYOUT
a hairline at .125 point to a PostScript imagesetter, Any layout into which a composition zone has been
but prints a thicker line to a 300 dpi printer. placed, or where a composition zone was created.
HALFTONE HSB (HUE, SATURATION, BRIGHTNESS)
A reproduction of a continuous-tone photograph A color model used mostly by artists or slide pro-
created by converting gradations of tone into dots ducers. Hue describes the color pigment; saturation
(or other shapes) of varying sizes. is a measure of how much of the color pigment is
present; and brightness is a measure of the amount
HANDLES of black present in a color.
Small shapes, usually square, displayed on the sides
and corners of boxes, text paths, tables, and lines. HTML (HYPERTEXT
Handles are used to resize or reshape items. MARKUP LANGUAGE)
A nonproprietary page-description language read by
HANGING CAP Web browsers. The HTML specification is governed
A large initial capital letter that extends to the left by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
of the paragraph's left margin.
HTML FORM
HANGING INDENTATION See form.
A paragraph in which the first line extends fur-
ther to the left than the other lines. Created by HYPERLINK
specifying a Left Indent and a negative First Text, a picture, or a portion of a picture in an HTML
Line indentation value in the Formats tab of page or in a PDF that, when clicked, causes the Web
the Paragraph Attributes dialog box (Style © browser or Acrobat Reader to display a different page
Formats) or by using an Indent Here character or a different part of the same page.
(Utilities © Insert Character © Special).
HYPHENATION
HEXACHROME Automatic hyphenation is a QuarkXPress feature
A six-color (CMYK, orange, and green) high-fidelity that divides words at syllable junctures by inserting
color system developed by PANTONE. Also known a hyphen at the end of a line of text and carrying
as the PANTONE HEXACHROME Color System. the rest of the word to the next line. Automatic
hyphenation can be used to alleviate large gaps
HIDDEN FIELD between words in paragraphs with justified
A field in an HTML form that lets the Web layout alignment or to create smoother margins with
designer send information to a script or application ragged alignments.
on the Web server without showing that information
to the end user.
QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY | 9
HYPHENATION EXCEPTIONS -- INSERTION POINT
HYPHENATION EXCEPTIONS INCREMENTAL LEADING
User-specified hyphenation rules that override the The convention of specifying vertical line spacing
QuarkXPress hyphenation rules, allowing you to for text as an amount in addition to the auto lead-
hyphenate words at specific points and to prevent ing value of the text (for example, +2 pt). See also
specific words from being hyphenated. absolute leading.
HYPHENATION ZONE INCREMENTAL TABS
The user-specified distance from the right indent Tabs that are a specific distance apart from each
where QuarkXPress begins hyphenating words. To other, created by using mathematical operators.
be hyphenated, a word must have a syllable juncture An incremental tab measured in picas might look
within the hyphenation zone, and the previous like this: p9+p9+p9.
word must not be in the hyphenation zone.
INDENT HERE CHARACTER
ICC (INTERNATIONAL A manually inserted invisible character
COLOR CONSORTIUM) (Command+\ on Mac OS, Ctrl+\ on Windows,
A committee consisting of a group of leaders in the or Utilities © Insert Character © Special) that
fields of electronic publishing, software develop- causes all subsequent lines in the paragraph to
ment, and digital prepress that was created in 1993 be left-indented at that location.
to establish standards for electronic color publishing.
The ICC standardized color information based on INDETERMINATE COLOR
the CIE LAB color space, and developed standard- A QuarkXPress term for a portion of a page that
ized device profiles that would easily transfer color includes multiple colors (such as a color picture).
information across color spaces and computing When the background of an item or text contains
platforms. See also ICC profile. multiple colors, QuarkXPress will trap that item
or text using the trap value specified in the
ICC PROFILE Indeterminate field of the Trapping pane
A file describing the color reproduction capabilities (QuarkXPress/Edit © Preferences).
of a given input, display, or output device. Color
management systems use profiles to interpret color INDEXED COLOR
data between devices. A color model where each pixel in a picture has a
numeric value that corresponds to a particular color
IMAGE in a limited palette. Because pixels in an indexed-
See picture. color picture have fewer possible values than pixels
in an RGB or CMYK picture, indexed-color pictures
IMAGE GAMUT take up far less space on disk than RGB and
See color gamut. CMYK pictures.
IMAGE MAP INITIAL CAPS
A picture on an HTML page, in which different The first letters of paragraphs that are embellished
parts of the picture act as different hyperlinks. Each as drop caps, hanging caps, or raised caps.
section of a picture that acts as a hyperlink is called
a hot area. INSERTION POINT
See text insertion point.
IMAGESETTER
An output device with a resolution above 1,200
dots per inch used to prepare high-quality output
on film, paper, or plate.
10 | QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY
INTERACTIVE RESIZING -- KERNING
INTERACTIVE RESIZING JOB JACKETS STRUCTURE
Resizing an item and its contents simultaneously A package of related Resources. Every QuarkXPress
using the mouse. To interactively resize an item in project has a Job Jackets structure, either embedded
QuarkXPress, press Command/Ctrl while dragging in the project file or stored in a separate
a resize handle on the item. (Command+Shift/ Job Jackets file.
Ctrl+Shift dragging resizes the item proportionately.)
JOB TICKET
INTERCHARACTER SPACE A package of Resources (specifications and rules)
See character space. in a Job Jackets structure that can be applied to
one or more projects. See active Job Ticket and
INTERNAL COMPOSITION LAYOUT deferred Job Ticket.
See single-project composition layout.
JOB TICKET TEMPLATE
INVISIBLE CHARACTER A definition for a "master" Job Ticket. In some ways,
A character that can be displayed on-screen but does a Job Ticket template is similar to a master page or a
not print. The Tab, Return, and Space characters are QuarkXPress template. See active Job Ticket and
examples of invisible characters. deferred Job Ticket.
ITEM ATTRIBUTE JPEG (JOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC
Formatting that can be applied to an item, such as EXPERTS GROUP)
background color, item rotation, text inset, or frame. A compression-based picture file format. A JPEG
image contains only raster information and can be
ITEM grayscale or color. The JPEG format is well-suited
There are several kinds of items in QuarkXPress, for continuous tone images such as photographs.
including lines, text boxes, text paths, picture boxes, See also GIF.
tables, no-content boxes, and form controls (Web
layouts only). Items can contain contents and be JUMP LINES
combined into groups. Page number references that guide a reader through
a multi-page story.
JDF (JOB DEFINITION FORMAT)
The XML-based industry standard on which the JUSTIFICATION
Job Jackets file format is based. Distributing a line of text so that it lines up with
both the left and right margins. Accomplished
JOB DEFINER by expanding or condensing the space between
A person who knows what a print job is supposed characters and words. See also forced justification.
to consist of (number of pages, size, colors, and so
forth). A job definer is typically the person who KERNING
creates a Job Jackets structure. The adjustment of space between adjacent charac-
ters. QuarkXPress supports automatic kerning
JOB JACKETS FILE (based on a font's built-in kerning table) and manual
An XML file containing Resources and Job Tickets. kerning (which lets you adjust the space at the text
Job Jackets files can be used to ensure that layouts insertion point). QuarkXPress also supports both
are printed or exported as intended. Job Jackets files horizontal and vertical kerning, although vertical
are based on the JDF standard. kerning is supported only through the Kerning
Table Edit command (Utilities menu).
QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY | 11
KERNING PAIR -- LETTER SPACE
KERNING PAIR LAYOUT DEFINITION
Any two characters configured to be kerned by a A detailed description of a single layout in a Job
certain amount when they are next to each other. Jackets structure, including Layout Specifications,
Kerning pairs for a given font can be created or Output Specifications, Rules, color management
edited using the Kerning Table Edit command settings, proofing specifications, a medium type,
(Utilities menu). and informational Resources. Each Job Ticket can
contain zero or more layout definitions. When
KERNING TABLE you apply a Job Ticket to a project, a layout is
Kerning information built into most fonts and automatically created and configured for each
applied to text during automatic kerning. See layout definition in that Job Ticket.
kerning pair.
LAYOUT PAGE
KERNING VALUE A page in a layout. As opposed to master page.
The amount by which the relative position of
two characters is adjusted. This measurement is LAYOUT SETTINGS
calculated in ems (1/200ths of an em space). The group of layout-level Resources that apply to
See kerning. a particular layout in a particular project.
KNOCKOUT LAYOUT SPECIFICATION
A trapping convention where the area covered by a A detailed description of a single layout in a
foreground object is removed from the background, Job Jackets structure, including things like page
thus creating a "hole" in the background that the size and orientation, but not including Output
foreground object fits precisely into. Trapping values Specifications or Rules. A Layout Specification is
are not applicable to a knockout. See also choke, part of a layout definition.
overprint, and spread.
LAYOUT-LEVEL RESOURCE
LAYER A Resource that applies to a layout, such as page
In QuarkXPress, a "slice" of a QuarkXPress layout width or number of pages.
that contains specific items. QuarkXPress layers can
be hidden, locked, arranged in front of and behind LEADING
one another, and printed or suppressed. Picture files The vertical space between lines of text, measured
can also have layers. from baseline to baseline. See also absolute leading,
auto leading, and incremental leading.
LAYOUT
A design space containing a series of pages. A LEAKS
QuarkXPress project can contain one or more Gaps where misregistration between adjoining
layouts. Every layout has a medium type: Print colors leave paper or discoloration showing on
or Web. See Print layout and Web layout. the printed job. Leaks are the reason trapping
is necessary.
LAYOUT ARTIST
A person who creates layouts in QuarkXPress. LEGACY PROJECT
A project saved in a version of QuarkXPress prior
to the current version.
LETTER SPACE
See character space.
12 | QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY
LIBRARY -- META TAG
LIBRARY LIST
A QuarkXPress file that can be opened as a movable A set of paragraph style sheets assembled in the
palette containing a collection of QuarkXPress items. Edit List dialog box (Edit © Lists © New) for the
You can move items from layout pages into an open purpose of creating a table of contents or
library, from an open library onto layout pages, and similar construction.
between open libraries.
LOCAL FORMATTING
LIGATURE Text formatting applied independently of a
A single glyph that combines multiple characters to style sheet.
create a typographically pleasing effect. For example,
the ligature for f and i is fi; the ligature for f and l is LOCK
fl. If a font supports ligatures, you can use them To prevent an item or its contents from being
automatically or specify them manually with the moved or changed.
Glyphs palette (Window menu). See also standard
ligatures and discretionary ligatures. LPI (LINES PER INCH)
Refers to the resolution of a halftone in printing.
LINE LPI is distinct from DPI (dots per inch), which refers
In QuarkXPress, a line is an item drawn with any of to the resolution of a device or picture.
four line creation tools. See also rule and text path.
MARGIN GUIDES
LINE ART Nonprinting lines in a Print layout that indicate
Monochromatic pictures that can be printed without the margins and define the edges of an automatic
halftones. Also known as 1-bit pictures. text box.
LINE SEGMENT MASK
A straight or curved line between two points. See alpha channel.
Usually a part of a longer line that contains
several segments. MASTER ITEMS
Items that are automatically placed on a layout page
LINK by the associated master page.
To join two text boxes using the Linking tool, so
that text that overflows from the first box will MASTER PAGE
flow into the second. A nonprinting page used to automatically format
layout pages. A master page can contain master
LINKABLE COMPOSITION LAYOUT items such as headers, footers, page numbers, and
When you designate a composition layout within a other elements that are repeated on multiple pages.
project as linkable, other QuarkXPress users can link
to that project and use that composition layout to MEDIUM TYPE
place composition zones in their layouts. Like other An attribute of a layout or layout definition. May be
composition layouts, however, linkable composition Print or Web.
layouts can be edited by only one person at a time.
META TAG
LINKED COMPOSITION LAYOUT An HTML tag that lets the designer of a Web page
A linkable composition layout that you have provide information about that page for discovery
gained access to by linking to its project from by search engines (and various other purposes).
the Collaboration Setup dialog box (File menu).
Linked composition layouts appear in the Shared
Content palette, and can be used to place
composition zones.
QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY | 13
MONITOR PROFILE -- OPACITY
MONITOR PROFILE NONPRINTING CHARACTER
An ICC profile that allows a CMM (Color See invisible character.
Management Module) to transform color
for accurate reproduction on a particular type NORMAL STYLE SHEET
of monitor. The style sheet that is automatically applied to
text in newly created text boxes and text paths; its
MULTI-INK COLOR attributes determine the default text formatting.
A color constructed in QuarkXPress by
combining inks from a process color system NUDGE
in various percentages. To move the active item in 1-point increments by
pressing any arrow key while the Item tool is
NEW LINE CHARACTER selected. When the Content tool selected, you can
A manually inserted character (Shift+Return/ use the arrow keys to nudge the contents within an
Shift+Enter or Utilities © Insert Character © active picture box, or move multiple selected items.
Special) that forces a new line of text without To move active items in .1-point increments, press
ending a paragraph. Option/Alt and an arrow key simultaneously.
NO STYLE NUMBERING FORMAT
When applied, No Style (Window © Style Sheets A section's numeric, Roman, or alphabetical page
palette) detaches any associated style sheet without numbering system (for example, 1, 2, 3; i, ii, iii; or
altering any of the text's character or paragraph a, b, c). See also section.
attributes. After applying No Style, any local char-
acter formatting will be overridden if a new style NUMERATOR
sheet is applied. The top numeral in a fraction.
NO-CONTENT BOX OBJECT COLOR
A box with a content of None (Item © Content © A trapping term referring to the color of an item or
None). A no-content box contains neither a picture text in front of a background color.
nor text. See also picture box and text box.
OLE (OBJECT LINKING AND
NONBREAKING SPACE EMBEDDING)
A special character placed between two words that A method developed by Microsoft that enables
prevents the words from being separated by a line Windows applications to share and manipulate
break. To enter a nonbreaking space, press data. Changes you make to the picture in the
Command+space/Ctrl+space. You can also enter a original application will also be made to the
nonbreaking space using Utilities © Insert picture in QuarkXPress.
Character © Space (Nonbreaking).
OPACITY
NONE An attribute that allows transparency to be applied
1. An option in the Runaround tab of the Modify to text, items, pictures, and colors. 0% opacity
dialog box (Item menu) that causes text behind means an object is invisible, 100% opacity means
the active item to ignore the item (in other words, an object is not transparent at all, and anything in
no runaround). between means an object is partially transparent.
2. A QuarkXPress Color choice that produces a 100%
transparent effect, as in a gap or background.
3. The non-content specification used in a
no-content box or table cell.
14 | QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY
OPENTYPE -- PALETTE SET
OPENTYPE OUTPUT SPECIFICATION
A cross-platform font format developed by Adobe A named group of settings in a Job Jackets structure
and Microsoft that accommodates larger character that can be used to configure a project so that it can
sets and glyphs, often including fractions, discre- be correctly printed to a particular output device.
tionary ligatures, old-style numerals, swashes,
and more. OUTPUT STYLE
A named package of settings for sending a layout to
OPENTYPE STYLE a particular output device or format. Output styles
A stylistic option built into an OpenType font, such are available for print, EPS, PDF, and PPML output.
as small caps or fractions. Not all OpenType styles
are available for all OpenType fonts. OVERFLOW
An overflow occurs when a single unlinked text box
OPI (OPEN PREPRESS INTERFACE) or the last box in a text chain is not large enough to
A standards-based specification that substitutes contain all the text entered into it. When this occurs,
high-resolution images for low-resolution images the overflow symbol displays in the lower right
and separates full-color scanned images. corner of the box.
ORDINALS OVERPRINT
A feature available in some OpenType fonts. A trapping term. Overprinted objects are printed
Includes superscript glyphs for ordinals such directly on top of their background objects; no
as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd; some fonts include No and choke, knockout, or spread is applied.
th. background:yellow'>[typesetter: replace with
appropriate OpenType options] PAGE NUMBER CHARACTERS
QuarkXPress has three automatic page number
ORIGINAL COMPOSITION ZONE characters: The Previous Box Page Number character
The initial layout or user-defined area from which (Command+2/Ctrl+2), displays the number of the
a composition zone was created. page containing the previous box in the current
text chain. The Current Page Number character
ORIGINAL HOST LAYOUT (Command+3/Ctrl+3) displays the current page
The layout where a composition zone was created. number. The Next Box Page Number character
(Command+4/Ctrl+4) displays the number of the
OUTPUT SETUP page containing the next box in the current text
A named package of settings that specifies ICC chain. You can also enter page number characters
profiles, color models, and proofing options for a using Utilities © Insert Character © Special.
specific output method (such as a color printer or
a four-color printing press). In QuarkXPress, you PAGE WIDTH GUIDE
can simulate the way a layout will look when sent A guide used to indicate the far right edge of the
to a particular output device by choosing an option design area in a Web layout.
from the View © Proof Output submenu.
PALETTE GROUP
OUTPUT SPECIALIST A group of several palettes that have been combined
The person who knows how a print job must be into a single palette for ease of access.
created and configured in order to be print correctly
on the target press. An output specialist should PALETTE SET
contribute to the creation of a Job Jackets structure. A named configuration of one or more palettes
and palette groups that can be stored and recalled
by choosing an option from the Window ©
Palette Sets submenu.
QUARKXPRESS GLOSSARY | 15
PANE -- PIXEL
PANE PDF/X
A portion of a palette or dialog box that can be An open standard that defines a particular set of
hidden or shown by clicking on a tab or a name limitations for a PDF file. A PDF file that conforms
in a list. to the PDF/X standard is easier to output because
the features it uses are strictly limited. Variations
PANTONE COLORS on the PDF/X standard include PDF/X-1a (which
Premixed ink colors that are often specified by allows only CMYK images) and PDF/X-3 (which
graphic designers for spot color in multicolor print allows RGB and CIE LAB images, but requires more
jobs. QuarkXPress lets you specify PANTONE colors communication with the output specialist). To use
that correspond to printed swatchbooks, and you the PDF/X standard in QuarkXPress, export a layout
can specify most pantone colors as either a spot as a PDF file with PDF/X certification.
color or a process color.
PICA
PARAGRAPH ATTRIBUTE A common unit of typographic measurement.
A formatting specification applied to a paragraph, There are 6 picas in an inch; 12 points in a pica.
such as leading or indents. Can be accessed via the See also point.
Paragraph Attributes dialog box (Style © Formats).
PICTURE
PASTEBOARD In QuarkXPress, any graphic image or file that can
The nonprinting area that surrounds a page or be pasted or imported into a picture box.
multipage spread in a Print layout.
PICT
PATH A picture file format based on the original Mac OS
1. A string indicating the location of a file. QuickDraw drawing routines. A PICT file can contain
2. A generic term for a clipping path or text path. both raster and vector information.
PCL (PRINTER CONTROL LANGUAGE) PICTURE BACKGROUND COLOR
A page-description language developed by In QuarkXPress, a color applied to the background
Hewlett-Packard. Many laser printers produced of a black and white or grayscale picture. A picture's
by other printer manufacturers can emulate background color can be different from the
Hewlett-Packard's PCL. Two major versions of PCL, background color of the enclosing picture box.
called Level 4 and Level 5, are commonly found in
laser printing. QuarkXPress provides only limited PICTURE BOX
support for PCL devices. A box that can contain a picture. Created with one
of the picture box creation tools. See also text box
PDF (PORTABLE DOCUMENT F