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Appendix E
Table E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945
(Quadrillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy
Conventional Biomass Electricity
Natural Hydroelectric Net
Year Coal Gas Petroleum Total Power Wood 1 Total Imports Total
1635 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ (s) (s) ญญ (s)
1645 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ 0.001 0.001 ญญ 0.001
1655 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .002 .002 ญญ .002
1665 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .005 .005 ญญ .005
1675 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .007 .007 ญญ .007
1685 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .009 .009 ญญ .009
1695 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .014 .014 ญญ .014
1705 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .022 .022 ญญ .022
1715 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .037 .037 ญญ .037
1725 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .056 .056 ญญ .056
1735 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .080 .080 ญญ .080
1745 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .112 .112 ญญ .112
1755 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .155 .155 ญญ .155
1765 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .200 .200 ญญ .200
1775 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .249 .249 ญญ .249
1785 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .310 .310 ญญ .310
1795 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .402 .402 ญญ .402
1805 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .537 .537 ญญ .537
1815 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .714 .714 ญญ .714
1825 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ .960 .960 ญญ .960
1835 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ 1.305 1.305 ญญ 1.305
1845 NA ญญ ญญ NA ญญ 1.757 1.757 ญญ 1.757
1850 0.219 ญญ ญญ 0.219 ญญ 2.138 2.138 ญญ 2.357
1855 .421 ญญ ญญ .421 ญญ 2.389 2.389 ญญ 2.810
1860 .518 ญญ 0.003 .521 ญญ 2.641 2.641 ญญ 3.162
1865 .632 ญญ .010 .642 ญญ 2.767 2.767 ญญ 3.409
1870 1.048 ญญ .011 1.059 ญญ 2.893 2.893 ญญ 3.952
1875 1.440 ญญ .011 1.451 ญญ 2.872 2.872 ญญ 4.323
1880 2.054 ญญ .096 2.150 ญญ 2.851 2.851 ญญ 5.001
1885 2.840 0.082 .040 2.962 ญญ 2.683 2.683 ญญ 5.645
1890 4.062 .257 .156 4.475 0.022 2.515 2.537 ญญ 7.012
1895 4.950 .147 .168 5.265 .090 2.306 2.396 ญญ 7.661
1900 6.841 .252 .229 7.322 .250 2.015 2.265 ญญ 9.587
1905 10.001 .372 .610 10.983 .386 1.843 2.229 ญญ 13.212
1910 12.714 .540 1.007 14.261 .539 1.765 2.304 ญญ 16.565
1915 13.294 .673 1.418 15.385 .659 1.688 2.347 0.002 17.734
1920 15.504 .813 2.676 18.993 .738 1.610 2.348 .003 21.344
1925 14.706 1.191 4.280 20.177 .668 1.533 2.201 .004 22.382
1930 13.639 1.932 5.897 21.468 .752 1.455 2.207 .005 23.680
1935 10.634 1.919 5.675 18.228 .806 1.397 2.203 .005 20.436
1940 12.535 2.665 7.760 22.960 .880 1.358 2.238 .007 25.205
1945 15.972 3.871 10.110 29.953 1.442 11.261 2.703 .009 32.665
1 There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 and 1949. Through 1945, data are for 1630-1930, February 1942. This source estimates fuelwood consumption in cords per decade, which were
fuelwood only; beginning in 1949, data are for wood and wood-derived fuels (see Table 10.1). converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu per cord. The annual average value for each
NA=Not available. ญ ญ = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu. decade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the assumption that annual use was likely to
Notes: ท For years not shown, there are no data available. ท See Tables 1.3 and 10.1 for continuation increase during any given decade and the average annual value was more likely to reflect mid-decade
of these data series from 1949 forward. ท See Note, "Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945," at yearly consumption than use at either the beginning or end of the decade. Values thus begin in 1635 and
end of section. are plotted at 10-year intervals. ท 1850-1945: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII.
Sources: Coal, Natural Gas, and Petroleum: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII. Electricity Net Imports: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Tables I and VI. Calculated as the
Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table II. Wood: difference between hydroelectric consumption and hydroelectric production times 3,412 Btu per
ท 1635-1845: U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States kilowatthour.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2007 379
Appendix E as Maine, Vermont, and the area that would become the District of Columbia. By
the time the series reaches 1810, the rest of the continental States are all included,
Note: Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945. Table E1 presents though the last of the 48 States to achieve statehood did not do so until 1912.
estimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins a Likewise, the coal data series begins in 1850 but includes consumption in areas,
century and a half before the original 13 colonies formed a political union and such as Utah and Washington (State), which were significant coal-producing
continues through the decades during which the United States was still expanding regions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note: No data were available on
territorially. The question thus arises, what exactly is meant by "U.S. consumption" State-level historical coal consumption. The coal data shown in Table E1 through
of an energy source for those years when the United States did not formally exist or 1945 describe apparent consumption, i.e., production plus imports minus exports.
consisted of less territory than is now encompassed by the 50 States and the District The geographic coverage for coal was therefore based on a tally of coal-producing
of Columbia? States listed in various historical issues of Minerals Yearbook. It is likely that coal
was consumed in States where it was not mined in significant quantities.)
The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) the sources
of those documents, were reviewed carefully for clues to geographic coverage. For By energy source, the extent of coverage can be summarized as follows: ท Coal--35
most energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than the Nation, coal-producing States by 1885. ท Natural Gas--All 48 contiguous States, the
defined as all the official States and the District of Columbia. Estimates or District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. ท Petroleum--All 48 contiguous States,
measurements of consumption of each energy source generally appear to follow the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. ท Conventional Hydroelectric
settlement patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent that were Power--Coverage for 1890 and 1895 is uncertain, but probably the 48 contiguous
settled enough to have economically significant consumption even though those States and the District of Columbia. Coverage for 1900 through 1945 is the 48
areas were not to become States for years. The wood data series, for example, contiguous States, and the District of Columbia. ท Wood--All 48 contiguous States
begins in 1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting Georgia), as well and the District of Columbia by 1810.
380 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2007