B: No access, use or occupation, in a specific manner, by any user …

  B: No access, use or occupation, in a specific manner, by any user


Mechanism type   Narrow scope                                             Wider scope

Physical         Placing of material                                      Placing of material
                 -- to interrupt surface                                  -- to interrupt surfaces on approach to system
                 -- to cause injury                                       -- to cause injury on approach to system
                 -- to block entry/access                                 -- to block entry/access on approach to system
                 Change of material characteristic
                 -- bulk mechanical properties (strength,
                 stiffness, hardness, etc)
                 -- surface treatment or texture
                 Movement or oscillation
                 -- powered or driven
                 -- introduction of extra degrees of freedom
                 Spatial                                                  (Something of a mental blind-spot at present
                 -- moving objects apart or away                          regarding wider scope physical mechanisms that are
                 -- segmentation into multiple objects                    applicable here - not sure why)
                 Orientation of material
                 -- introduce angled surfaces
                 -- introduce curvature
                 Change of environmental characteristic
                 -- local temperature change
                 -- local illumination change
                 -- local audio change


                 etc (more are possible - most obviously,
                 digital / electronic analogues of some
                 of the above, and other mechanisms,
                 especially from the field of security)

                 Reduction in subjective attractiveness                   Increase in subjective attractiveness of
Psychological    of system                                                alternative systems
                 -- use of 'warning' aesthetics (colours, patterning,     -- use of 'liking' aesthetics (colours, patterning,
                 form/texture, sounds, smells, tastes)                    form/texture, sounds, smells, tastes)
                 -- use of form, labelling or signage to create           -- use of form, labelling or signage to create
                 unattractive perceived affordances (real or not)         attractive perceived affordances (real or not)
                 -- using non-interaction by attractive other users to    -- using interaction by attractive other users to
                 influence decision on interaction                        influence decision on interaction
                 -- using interaction by unattractive other users to      -- using non-interaction by unattractive other users to
                 influence decision on interaction                        influence decision on interaction
                 Social proof applied to system                           Social proof applied to alternative
                 -- using deliberate non-interaction by other similar     systems
                 users to influence decision on interaction               -- using deliberate interaction by other similar
                 -- using deliberate interaction by other dissimilar      users to influence decision on interaction
                 users to influence decision on interaction               -- using deliberate non-interaction by other dissimilar
                 Authority applied to system                              users to influence decision on interaction
                 -- use of perceived authority to influence decision on   Authority applied to alternative system
                 interaction                                              -- use of perceived authority to influence decision on
                 Surveillance (real or perceived) and                     interaction
                 use of pressure of social norms
                 -- surveillance by authority or enforcement figures      Psychological assistance to remove need
                 -- surveillance by members of the public                 for user to perform interaction at all
                 -- making interaction publicly visible through the use
                 of alarms, visual indicators, displays, etc              etc (many, many more are possible -
                                                                          generally, exploiting cognitive biases or
                 etc (many, many more are possible -                      heuristics to influence user behaviour -
                 generally, exploiting cognitive biases or                including many advertising techniques)
                 heuristics to influence user behaviour -
                 including many advertising techniques)




Economic         Financial incentives (rewards) for not                   Financial incentives (rewards) for
                 performing interaction with system                       performing interaction with alternative
                 -- monitored, i.e. requiring human or technological      system
                 surveillance                                             -- monitored, i.e. requiring human or technological
                 -- not monitored                                         surveillance
                 Financial penalties (fines) for                          -- not monitored
                 performing interactions with system                      Financial penalties (fines) for
                 -- monitored, i.e. requiring human or technological      not performing interactions with
                 surveillance                                             alternative system
                 -- not monitored                                         -- monitored, i.e. requiring human or technological
                                                                          surveillance
                 etc                                                      -- not monitored


                                                                          Financial assistance to remove need
                                                                          for user to perform interaction at all

                                                                          etc


Legal            Threat of punishment                                     Increasing enforcement in general

                 Increasing perceived likelihood of                       Legal assistance to establish
                 punishment                                               alternative systems

                 etc (I have not considered specific                      Legal assistance to remove need for
                 legal mechanisms at this stage)                          user to perform interaction at all

                                                                          etc

                                                                                                                                    v.0.1
Structural        Removal of system entirely                              Provision of alternative systems
                                                                                                                                    Dan Lockton
                                                                          Removal of societal need for this kind of                 January 2008
                                                                          interaction with system altogether