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Index Abt, Clark C., 55­57…

Tags: 163, 192, abt, abu ghraib, ackerman, activision, adcult, adobe photoshop, advance wars, advergames, advertising advertising, banner ads, clark c, commercial logic, cynicism, demographics, demonstrative, lifestyle, marketing, simulations,
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Language: english
Created: Tue Mar 20 17:44:54 2007
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                                        Index




Abt, Clark C., 55­57, 69, 70, 71,             banner ads (web), 164­165, 170, 325,
  335, 365, 415. See also Serious               379
  Games                                       commercial logic of, 164­166
Abu Ghraib, 3, 8, 15                          consumer data for, 156­157, 169, 181,
Ackerman, Peter, 80                             194, 325­326, 328
Activision, 167                               cynicism in, 150, 189
Ad-creep, 190                                 demographics in, 91, 120, 149, 152,
AdCult, 147                                     157, 161, 165, 212, 216, 289, 315,
Adobe Photoshop, 32, 151, 368n                  324­325
Advance Wars, 213                             demonstrative, 153­154,
Advergames, 29, 93, 94, 152,                    158­161, 181­182, 185, 192,
  199­230                                       207, 216, 218, 220, 222, 229,
 as anti-advertising (see Anti-                 335, 448
  advergames)                                 illustrative, 154­162, 170,
 on console systems, 162, 200­215               175, 181­182, 194, 205, 211,
 as simulations of products and services,       214
  200­210                                     in-game (see In-game advertising)
Advertising, 22, 32, 33, 37­38,               media buying in, 164­165, 173, 197,
  49, 64, 79, 93­94, 97, 145­230,               319
  273, 317, 319, 324­325, 328,                online, 163­164, 197, 204­205
  334­335                                     outdoor, 164, 166, 168, 170­171, 325
 aspirational, 192, 211 (see also Lifestyle   promotion, 92, 193, 205­207, 216,
  marketing)                                    293, 325
 associative, 82, 94, 153, 154­161,           radio, 164, 168
  163, 170, 174, 175, 188, 190,               and television, 21, 36, 49, 60,
  192­193, 195­196, 200, 204­205,               149­151, 154, 161, 164­165, 167,
  209, 211, 212, 214, 217, 219, 222             170­171, 174­175, 192, 196­197,
  (see also Lifestyle marketing)                211­212, 215, 318, 324
Advertising (cont.)                            Atari VCS (aka 2600, videogame
 testimonial, 229                                console), 51, 89, 90, 174­175,
 types of, 153­162                               201­204, 215, 276, 283, 295­296,
 videogame players as audience for,              301, 344n, 378n
  152, 161                                     Atkins diet, 114
Aerobics, 298, 305­311, 313, 316               Augmented reality (AR), 348
Affluenza, 268­269, 273, 276                   Ault, Donald, x
Afghanistan, 85, 123                           Austin, J. L., 362n
Agency.com, 207, 367n
Alamogordo, New Mexico, 175                    Badiou, Alain, 58, 74, 75, 79, 93,
Aliens, 49, 103­104, 106­108, 189,               328­333, 338­339, 352, 356
  276­277                                      Balance of Power, 101, 102, 126
Althusser, Louis, 73­74, 79, 264               Balance of the Planet, 40­44, 102, 126,
Amazon.com, 191                                  135
American dream, the, 316                       Bally/Midway, 218, 220
American Express, 192                          Barbu, Larry, 101
America's Army, 75­80, 125, 152, 183,          BASIC (programming language). See
  284, 287, 333                                  Programming languages
Ameritrade, 121                                Batman, 166
Amiga, 300, 302, 312                           Baudrillard, Jean, 148­150, 152­153,
Anarchy Online, 166                              164, 170, 217
Animal Crossing, 266­275, 282, 334­335         Bauer, Susan Wise, 247­248, 249, 252,
Anti-advergames, 29, 53, 102 223­230,            254
  285, 332, 347n. See also Advergames          BBDO (advertising agency), 170
Apprentice, The, 196, 239                      Beauty, 31­32, 34
Aquafina, 214                                  Beck, John, 240­241
Arcade games, 46­47, 49, 63, 85­86,            Beckham, David, 178
  88, 94, 103, 106, 152, 168,                  Bed Bath & Beyond, 212
  174­175, 194, 200, 206, 218­220,             Beer, 153, 168, 214, 218­220, 256, 314
  227, 237, 276, 293­296, 298,                 Bejeweled, 161
  303­304, 309, 311, 327, 341n                 Bentham, Jeremy, 362n
Aristotle, 17­20, 22, 246, 317, 344            Berger, Shoshana, 207
Aronson, Elliot, 222­223                       Better Business Bureau (BBB), 228
Assembly (programming language). See           Big Mac, 115, 363. See also McDonald's
  Programming languages                        Bin Laden, Osama, 127
Assessment, 252, 320­326, 328, 338             Birdsell, David S., 23
Asteroids, 294                                 Blair, J. Anthony, 22­23, 34­37, 211
Atari, 51, 89, 90, 168, 174­175,               Blair, Tony, 94
  200­204, 214­215, 276, 283,                  Blockbuster Video, 166
  295­296, 301, 341n                           Blockdot, 94, 152, 161, 165


                                     Index

                                         438
Blogs, 25, 122­124, 143, 327, 334­335          Chen, Jane, 152, 158­159
Bloom's taxonomy, 332                          Chess, 179
BMW, 189                                       Chester Cheetah, 161
Book, Betsy, 224                               Chicago fire (1871), 70
Boot, Max, 48                                  Children, 2, 9, 10, 39, 86, 203, 270,
Branding, 153, 158, 160, 162, 164,               273, 285, 334, 336
  167, 169, 175, 181­182, 185, 189,             and advertising, 33­34, 36­37, 161,
  191­193, 200­206, 212, 214, 216,               174
  218­220, 223­225, 229. See also               and programming, 223, 235, 244,
  Advertising                                    246, 255, 257
BreakAway Games, 79                            Christianity, 246, 287, 289­292,
Britvic, 220­222                                 329­330
Brown, Michael, 70                             Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 19
Bryant, Kobe, 174                              Civilization, 45, 125, 254­255
Budweiser, 148, 219­220                        Clinton, Hillary, 118
Burger King, 193                               Clinton, William Jefferson, 90, 94, 134,
Burgertime, 174, 309                             148
Burke, Kenneth, 20­21                          Coca-Cola, 162, 166, 203, 214,
Burnett, Mark, 192                               216­218, 225­226, 276­277,
Burnout, 210                                     370­371
Burns, Ken, 23                                 CoCo Ichibanya, 186­188, 219, 229
Bush, George Herbert Walker, 90                Code
Bush, George Walker, 68, 92, 94, 95,            as custom, 57, 151, 152, 284
  98, 102­103, 105, 106, 109, 122,              as law, 14, 76
  262, 328                                      as programming, 4, 12, 14, 15, 25,
Bush, Vannevar, 26                               27, 29, 39, 40, 44, 62­64, 90, 106,
Bushnell, Nolan, 46                              174, 195, 242, 255, 258 (see also
                                                 Procedural logics)
Canada Dry, 214                                Coin drop, 46­47
Capitalism, 37, 80, 82, 148, 190               Coin-operated (coin-op) games. See
Captology. See Persuasive technology             Arcade games
Carnival Cruise Lines, 181­182                 Cold Stone Creamery, 279­282
Caspary, Vera, 188                             Cold War, 84, 101
Casual games, 161, 165, 212, 325               Color Dreams, 287. See also Wisdom
Catholicism, 179, 330                            Tree
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 134         Comics Code (1954), ix
Central processing unit (CPU), 44, 45          Computer Space, 46
Chapelle, Dave, 228                            Concept cars, 191
Chaplin, Heather, 257                          Congressional Budget Office (CBO),
Cheetos, 161                                     142


                                         Index

                                         439
Conservatism, 72, 92, 100, 104­109,            Destutt, Antoine Louis Claude, comte
  115­120, 261                                    de Tracy, 73
Consumer Electronics Show (CES), 294           Deus Ex, 286­287, 291
Consumption, 148­150, 173, 180, 182,           Dewey, John, 234
  220, 230, 259­260, 268, 270­275,             Dialectic, 17, 18, 34­37, 42, 57, 73,
  282­283, 291, 296                               211, 246­247, 355n
Contra, 302                                    Diamond, Jared, 8, 9, 125, 134,
Cornfield, Michael, 122­123                       252­254
Cosmopolitan (magazine), 273                   Dibbell, Julian, 97
Costikyan, Greg, 357n                          Dick, Philip K., 191
Counter-Strike, 75­77, 125, 167                Dickens, Charles, 148
Coyote Ugly, 169                               Dig Dug, 168, 174
Crawford, Chris, 27, 35, 40­41, 44,            Digital Video Recorder (DVR), 151, 161
  101­102, 126, 142                            D -´
                                               - ind ic, Zoran, 81
Crawford, Joan, 189                            DirectX, 212
Cruise, Tom, 191                               Discovery Channel, 93
Cult status, 319                               Disneyland, 148­149, 152­153
Curry, 185­188, 229                            DiSpirito, Rocco, 192
Cyberlore, 184                                 Dissemination, 37, 124, 353
Cyborgs, 166                                   Documentary film, 114, 120, 126­128,
                                                  206
Daily Show, The, 120                           Dole, 193
DaimlerChrysler, 212­213                       Donne, John, 14
Dance Dance Revolution, 293, 310­311,          Doom, 13, 243
  326                                          Doyle, James K., 234
Darfur, 95­98, 238                             Dreamcast (videogame console), 293
Dasani, 214, 218                               Drisken, James, 278
Data mining, 157                               Duck Hunt, 297
D-Day, 126                                     Dugan, Patrick, 31
Dean, Howard, 48, 93, 102, 122, 124,           Duval Guillaume (advertising agency),
  135­136, 139, 142, 326­239,                     170
  332­333                                      DuVall, Jack, 80
Death Race, 200                                DVD, 5­6, 39, 151, 206
Defender, 300                                  Dwell (magazine), 273
de Graaf, John, 268, 276                       Dwyer, Daniel, 278
DeLuca, Kevin Michael, 20, 24
Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS),         Earth Day, 102
  81                                           Ecology, 40, 42
Democratic party, 99, 131                      Economics, 54, 71­72, 98, 269, 338,
Derrida, Jacques, 23, 338                        340


                                     Index

                                         440
Education Arcade (MIT), 263­264, 335           Force More Powerful, A, 79­82, 98
Elections, political, 90­94, 99,               Ford, 189­190
   121­123, 139, 261, 318, 324                 Forrester, Jay, 239
Electro, 180                                   Foss, Karen, 20
Electronic Arts, 173, 174, 176, 179,           Foss, Sonja, 20
   193, 199, 319                               Foucault, Michel, 74
Eliza, 10­11. See also Weizenbaum,             Francis, Russell, 335
   Joseph                                      Frasca, Gonzalo, 48, 64, 85, 86, 93,
Email, 25, 26, 207, 325, 336                     135, 137, 259
Emergence, 98, 364n                            Friendster, 123
Empathy, 2, 6, 11, 96­97, 112, 115,            Fröbel, Friedrich, 235
   179, 182, 219                               Fuji Electronics, 162
E.T.                                           Fullerton, Tracy, 128
 film, 188­189                                 Fundraising, 122­123, 143
 videogame, 161, 175
Ethics. See Morality                           Gable, Clark, 188
E*Trade, 121                                   Gaede, Owen, 1
Europa Universalis, 255                        Galaxian, 295
Exercise, 60­61, 293­316                       Gallup polling, 324
Exergames, 293­316                             Gambling, 47
Exus, 296, 298, 304                            GameBoy (videogame console), 251,
Eye Toy (controller), 304, 311­312,              274­275, 289
   314­315                                     GameCube (videogame console), 175,
                                                 266­267, 274, 293, 313, 391n
Fable, 285, 286                                Game engines, 13­14, 63, 75, 340,
Fantastic Four, The, 380                         344n
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),         GameGear (videogame console), 162
   238, 259                                    Game theory, 153
Federal Emergency Management                   Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand
   Agency (FEMA), 69­70                          (Mahatma), 80
FedEx, 170                                     Gap, the, 191, 226
FedEx Kinko's, 226­228                         Garner, Jennifer, 189
Fight Night, 193                               Gatto, John Taylor, 264, 275
Filet-O-Fish, 209                              Gee, James Paul, 142, 240­243, 250,
Fischer, Claude S., 149                          258, 285
Fiskars, 205­206                               Geertz, Clifford, 99
Flanagan, Mary, 244                            General Mills, 158
Fogg, B. J., 59­62                             Gift economy, 338
Football (American), 174, 178­179              Gingrich, Newt, 100
Foot Craz, 296, 298, 299, 304                  GlaxoSmithKline, 205


                                         Index

                                         441
Globalization, 21, 30, 50, 54, 80             Hill, Charles A., 21­22, 34­35
Godin, Seth, 150­152, 158,                    Hilton, Paris, 269
  334­335                                     Hoffa, Jimmy, 134, 366n
Goldberg, Adele, 244                          Hogan, Hulk, 102
Goldwater, Barry, 36                          Holocaust, 243
GOP. See Republican party                     Homiletics, 330
Gordon, Bing, 319                             Honda Motors, 152, 192­194, 211
Gramsci, Antonio, 73­74                       Howard Dean for Iowa Game, The,
Grand Theft Auto, 43                            135­140, 326­329
Gran Turismo, 194, 210, 303, 308              Huizinga, Johan, 54­55
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), 45,           Humanities, 339­340
  167                                         Hussein, Uday and Qusay, 127, 131
Grassroots.com, 121
Grassroots outreach, 93, 123­124,             Ideology, 3, 61, 71­79, 93, 98, 108,
  135­136, 139, 225, 326­328                     139, 254, 284, 319, 351n
Green Goblin, 180                             In-game advertising, 165­170, 219
Greenpeace, 24, 89                              Double Fusion, 165
Greer, William, 133­134, 366n                   dynamic vs. static, 165­166, 193,
Griffith, D. W., x                               196, 199
Groarke, Leo, 23                                IGA Partners, 165
Grocery Game, The, 38­40, 336­337               Massive, Inc., 165, 224
Gurak, Laura J., 25, 28                         measurement of, 224, 325
                                                and privacy, 169, 224
Hall, Justin, 327                             Intellectual property, 174­175
Hallward, Peter, 74, 331, 332                 Intellivision, 174, 214­216
Handraising, 325                              Interactive fiction (IF), 13, 35,
Harnad, Steven, 6­7                              225­226, 349n. See also Text
Harry Potter, 174, 176­177, 180, 188,            adventures
  373n, 374n. See also Quidditch              Interactivity, 40­44
Hawk, Tony, 192, 194, 223                       and digital rhetoric, 25
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 73,             and enthymeme, 34
  125, 355n                                   Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 51, 52,
Hegemony, 73, 241                                56
Hello Kitty, 174                              International Center for Nonviolent
Helmers, Marguerite, 21                          Conflict, 79
He-Man, 102                                   iPod, 151, 368n
Henderson, Dr. Gregory, 69­70                 Iraq war, 3, 48, 87, 95, 97, 100, 105,
Hercules, 125                                    123, 131
Hershey, 189                                  Irish potato famine, 71­72
High-definition (HD) TV, 167, 315             Islam, 291


                                        Index

                                        442
Jack Daniels, 158, 189                         Kittler, Friedrich, 45
Jackson, Brian, 264                            Klein, Naomi, 223
Jackson, Janet, 102                            Kool-Aid, 161, 214­216, 218­219
James Bond, 189, 195                           Koresh, David, 126, 128
Jameson, Fredric, 148                          Koster, Raph, 242­242
Japan, 184, 186, 188, 193, 237, 272,           Kotex, 161­162, 216
   313                                         Kraft, 159, 165
Javascript (programming language). See         Krispy Kreme, 114
   Programming languages                       Kuma Reality Games, 126­128,
Jeep, 192, 194, 212­213, 335                     130­131
Jell-O, 216
Jenkins, Henry, x, 267, 283, 334­335           Lacan, Jacques, 148, 211
Jenkins, Jerry, 289                            LaHaye, Tim, 289
Jesus Christ, 289, 318                         Laissez-faire economics, 71­72
JFK Reloaded, 127­128, 131­135, 317            Lake, Randall A., 23
John Deere, 182­184                            Lakoff, George, 99­100, 103­117, 119,
Johnson, Lyndon, 36                               85­286
Johnson, Mark, 99                               and conceptual frames, 151
Johnson, Stephen, 251                           and moral accounting, 111­112,
Johnson & Johnson, 201­203                        285­286
Jonestown massacre, 215                         and moral strength, 114­115
Jordan, Michael, 174                            "shifting the frame," 119
Joust, 94, 97­98, 174, 242, 359                 strict father and nuturing parent
Joyboard (controller), 300­302, 312,              (family metaphor for politics), 117
   315                                          and taxation, 108­110
Joystick, 42, 201, 295, 300, 301               Lanham, Richard, 26
Judaism, 291                                   Las Vegas, 116, 168, 294
Juul, Jesper, 242                              Latin, 246­249, 251, 263, 323
                                               Laurel, Brenda, 263­264, 275
Katrina (hurricane), 67­71                     Learning, 2, 48, 55, 64, 125, 176, 205,
Kay, Alan, 244                                    216, 233­259, 268, 278­282,
Kennedy, George A., 330                           317­222, 335­336
Kennedy, John F. (JFK), 127­128,                behaviorist theory of, 233­234, 236,
  133­134                                         240
Kennedy, Ted, 128                               and classrooms, 1, 2, 48, 67, 233­236,
Kenney, Keith, 23                                 240, 243, 247, 252, 262, 264, 278,
Kerry, John Forbes, 92, 94, 98, 103,              281
  105, 122, 127, 131, 134                       constructionist theory of, 234­235
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 80                    constructivist theory of, 234, 235,
Kinko's. See FedEx Kinko's                        238­239


                                         Index

                                         443
Learning (cont.)                                 Mack, Peter, 49
 and government, 261­263                         Macromedia (Adobe) Flash, 205, 207
 vs. schooling, 262­263                          Macromedia (Adobe) Shockwave, 207
Learning Management System (LMS),                M&M Mars, 189
   322                                           Manovich, Lev, 26­28
Le Chevallier, Martin, 109, 122                  Marovic Ivan, 81
                                                         ´,
Leclerc, Georges-Louis (Comte de                 Marovic Svatozar, 82
                                                         ´,
   Buffon), 40                                   Marx, Karl, 73­74
Lee, Shuen-shing, 47, 85                         Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Legend of Zelda, The, 251, 287                     (MIT), 10, 244, 263, 283, 335
Legos, 239, 242, 255­256                         Mateas, Michael, 245, 250
Lessig, Lawrence, 14                             Matrix, The, 195­196
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 99                         Mattel, 174, 214. See also Intellivision
Levitt, Steven D., 8­9                           McCurry, Mike, 121
Lewis, C. S., 246                                McDonald's, 29, 30, 31, 36, 45, 115,
Lexus, 191                                         162, 174, 186, 195, 206, 209, 224,
Liberalism, 50, 92, 100, 107­108, 115,             229
   119­120, 180, 261                             McLuhan, Marshall, 151, 240, 282
Licensing, 173­174, 180­181,                     MeetUp.com, 122­124, 135, 143, 364n
   184­185, 188                                  Meier, Sid, 45
 as advertising, 175, 184, 188                   Memex. See Bush, Vannevar
Lieberman, Joseph, 118                           Metacritic, 319­320
Life Savers, 159, 160                            Metaphor, 7, 13, 28, 52, 94, 99­111,
Lifestyle marketing, 94, 156­158, 160,             114, 118­119, 197, 267, 285, 320,
   182, 206, 211­213, 222, 270, 289,               324
   316                                           Microsoft, 14, 45, 81, 165, 175, 209,
Limbaugh, Rush, 94                                 236, 238­239, 258, 293, 315
LinkedIn, 123                                    Microsoft Flight Simulator, 236­239,
LISP (programming language). See                   258­259
   Programming languages                         Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC), 14
Loftus, Geoffrey R. and Elizabeth F., 47         Microsoft PowerPoint, 277
Logo (programming language). See                 Microsoft Word, 44
   Programming languages                         Middle East, 84, 86
Logocentrism, 23                                 Milgrom, Paul, 153
Lopez, Jennifer, 174                             Mill, John Stuart, 262
Los Angeles Auto Show, 191                       Miller, Dave, 169
Losh, Elizabeth, 28, 48, 97                      Milosevic Slobodan, 81
                                                       ´,
Lucas, George, 174                               Mindstorms, 239, 245, 255. See also
Luntz, Frank, 100, 103­104, 106­108,               Papert, Seymour
   119, 324                                      Minute Maid, 218


                                           Index

                                           444
Missile Command, 226                            N-grams, 13. See also Shannon, Claude
Mitsubishi, 226                                 Nickelodeon, 159
Mobile phones, 94, 195­196                      Nielsen Media Research, 163, 167, 169
Modern Language Association (MLA), ix           Night Driver, 200
Molleindustria, 29­30, 229                      Nike, 159, 161, 211, 224, 307
Molyneux, Peter, 284                            9/11 Commission, 69. See also
Monopoly, 53, 181                                 September 11, 2001
Monte Carlo method, 40                          Ninja Gaiden, 237, 240­241
Montenegro, 81                                  Ninjas, 237­238, 240­241, 243, 304
Montessori, Maria, 235­236, 239                 Nintendo, 162, 175, 194, 237, 266,
Montfort, Nick, xiii, 226                         269, 274, 287­288, 293, 295­296,
Morality, 29, 48, 69, 76, 99, 100, 105,           302­304, 313, 314
  109­120, 149, 179, 202­203, 210,              Nintendo Entertainment System (NES,
  243, 246, 282­287, 291­292, 324                 videogame console), 161, 288, 296,
Mosul, 127, 131                                   297, 299, 300­302, 205
Moulthrop, Stuart, 352n                         Nintendo 64 (videogame console), 293
Mountain Dew, 160­161, 200, 216,                Nixon, Richard, 90
  218                                           Nobel prize, 67
Mr. T., 102                                     No Child Left Behind (NCLB), 262, 276
MTV, 82, 94­97                                  Non-Governmental Organizations
Murray, Janet, 4­5, 10, 40, 42, 124,              (NGOs), 123
  207                                           Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs), 121,
MySpace, 123                                      123
                                                Nutrition, 33, 38­39, 40, 95, 113­114,
Nader, Ralph, 194                                 115, 116­117, 183, 259
Namco, 168, 313
Napoleon I (Napoleon Bonaparte), 73             Occupational Safety and Health
National Football League (NFL), 174               Administration (OSHA), 276
National Geographic, 154                        Oda, Josh, 102­103
National Guard, 83­84                           Oil, 83, 154
National Science Foundation (NSF), 244          Olympics, 296, 298
Nelson, Ted, 26                                 On, Josh, 82­83
NESTA Futurelab, 336                            Oswald, Lee Harvey, 128, 133­134
Nestle, Marion, 114­115
Neverwinter Nights, 335                         Pac-Man, 88, 160, 174­175, 206, 216
Newman, James, ix­x                             Papert, Seymour, 234, 239, 244­245,
Newsgames, 85­86, 88                              255­256. See also Learning,
Newton, Isaac, 14                                 constructionist theory of
New York City, 85­86, 168­169, 170,             Pascal (programming language). See
  192, 289                                        Programming languages


                                      Index

                                          445
Pastoralism, 272, 274                          Power Pad, 296­297, 300­301,
Pearl Harbor, 126                                304­306, 309, 310
Pepsi, 162, 197, 214, 276­277                  Pratkanis, Anthony, 222­223
Perec, Georges, 387n                           Preminger, Otto, 188
Perlin, Ken, 244                               Procedurality, 2, 3­15
Permission marketing, 150, 152                  and advertising, 173, 190, 205­210
Persuasion game. See Game theory                and authority, 3
Persuasive games, 46­54, 62­64                  and the courts, 3, 10
 and Alain Badio, philosophy of, 332            and culture, 8
 vs. persuasive technology, 59­62               and expression, 5­7, 32, 35, 44, 48, 98
 vs. Serious Games, 54­59                       and the military, 3­4, 7, 10
 videogame studio, xii, xiii, 213,              and political campaigning, 124
  279­280                                       as primary property of computation,
Persuasive technology, 59­62                     4­5, 42
Photography, 21, 22, 24, 29, 34, 154,           process intensity, 27
  170, 184, 257                                 as programming logics, 13­14 (see also
Piaget, Jean, 99, 234, 244                       Procedural logics)
Picasso, Pablo, 85                              programming paradigm, 11­12
Pickering, Barbara A., 23                       as representation, 9, 124, 128
Pickwick, 218                                   and retail, 3, 5­6, 7, 10
Pinball, 46, 160, 295                           and rhetoric (see Procedural rhetoric)
Platform games, 14, 50, 63, 90,                Procedural literacy, 64, 244­245, 260
  161­162, 287, 289                            Procedural logics
PLATO (computer education system), 1            graphical, 13, 49
Plato (philosopher), 15­19, 72­73, 184          input/output (IO), 14
Playboy (magazine), 184                         interface, 14
Playmobil, 256­257, 258                         vs. literary trope, genre, 14
PlayStation (videogame console), 49,            textual, 13
  119, 175, 184, 186, 188, 194, 199,           Procedural rhetoric, 2­3, 28­44
  293, 294, 298, 303, 304, 307, 315             and deliberation, 37­38
Pokémon, 270, 274                               and digital democracy, 135­136
Pole Position, 168, 174, 194                    and interactivity, 35
Pong, 13, 50, 162, 220                          raising objections in, 37
Pontiac, 189                                    vs. reinforcement, 47
PopCap Games, 165                               rhetoric of failure in, 84­86
Porky's, 350                                    vs. rhetoric of play, 52­54
Poststructuralism, 20, 42, 353                  vs. spoken, written rhetoric, 103, 107
Powell, Michael, 102                            beyond videogames, 46
Power Glove (controller), 303                   vs. visual rhetoric, 29, 106
Powergrid Fitness, 312                          and vividness, 34­35


                                         Index

                                         446
Procedure, as subroutine, 12. See also          Realism, 49, 78­79, 166­167, 194,
  Procedurality                                   199, 237, 321, 372n
Process. See Procedurality                      Red Octane, 293, 326
Product placement, 147, 188­197                 Reese's Pieces, 189. See also Hershey
 in film, 188­192                               Reeve, Christopher, 102
 in games, 194­195, 199                         Regime change, 80, 82, 84
 satire of, 189                                 Rejeski, David, 55
 in television, 189, 192                        Religion, 55, 99, 179, 253, 287­292,
Programming languages                             329­331
 Assembly, 12, 344n                             Republican National Committee
 BASIC, 12                                        (RNC), 49
 C, 249                                         Republican party, 49, 90, 99, 100,
 Java, 14, 249                                    103­106, 108, 112, 119, 122, 131,
 Javascript, 207                                  139
 LISP, 251                                      Resnick, Mitchell, 252
 Logo, 244, 252, 255­256                        ResponDesign, 307, 309
 Pascal, 12                                     Reynolds, Burt, 189
 SmallTalk, 244, 249                            Reynolds, Ren, 283
Prunier, Gerald, 97                             Rhetoric, 3, 15­64
Psychology, 10, 11, 22, 24, 36, 47, 59,          in antiquity, 15
  61, 149, 150, 153, 234, 268, 311,              Aristotelian, 17­19 (see also Rhetoric,
  326                                             philosophical)
Ptolemy, 147                                     vs. dialectic, 17­18
Public Broadcasting System (PBS),                digital, 24­28
  32­33, 80, 148                                 and enthymeme, 18­19, 33­34, 36,
                                                  43, 45, 84, 105, 142, 211, 214
Qualitative methods, 322, 327, 337               and expression, 19­20
Quart, Alyssa, 223                               as identification, 20­21
Quidditch, 177­179                               and inscription, 9, 10, 14, 19, 20­24,
Quintilianus, Marcus Fabius, 19                   46, 97
                                                 misunderstood as manipulation, 15
Ralston-Purina, 203­204                          oral, 15, 17­20, 21, 25
Random access memory (RAM), 28, 44,              philosophical, 18, 22
  212                                            procedural (see Procedural rhetoric)
Rapture eschatology, 289­291                     and syllogism, 9, 18­19, 34, 36, 43,
Razor scooter, 197                                84, 137, 211
Read Only Memory (ROM), 28, 63,                  technical, 17­18
  276, 391n                                      visual, 21­24, 31­32
Ready Made (magazine), 207                       written, 3, 9, 20­29, 31, 34, 37­38,
Real estate, 9, 181, 197, 264­268                 62, 96, 104, 107, 119, 117, 248­249


                                          Index

                                          447
Ricardo, David, 72                                Serious Games Initiative, 70, 71, 73. See
Richards, Diana, 98                                  also Serious Games
Richardson, James L., 72                          Serious Games Summit (SGS), 70, 71,
Ringel, Matthew, 152, 158­159                        365, 398, 428. See also Serious Games
Roberts, John, 153                                Shaffer, David Williamson, 258­259
Rockstar Games, 43, 62, 63, 113, 167,             Shakespeare, William, 14, 147
  168, 237, 238, 241, 259, 283, 285,              Shannon, Claude, 13
  333                                             Sicart, Miguel, 284
Roll 'n Rocker (controller), 301­303, 312         Sim City, 37, 63, 180, 237­241, 252,
Ronald McDonald, 162, 206                            258­259
Rowling, J. K., 177, 179, 180                     Sim Earth, 102
Ruby, Aaron, 257                                  Sims, The, 62, 63, 184, 195, 199, 224,
Ruiz, Susana, 96                                     259, 260, 267­269
                                                  Simulation gap, 43, 214, 217, 220,
Saab, 154                                            222, 230, 255
Salen, Katie, 42, 52­54                           Skateboarding, 160­161, 192, 200,
Santa Claus, 216                                     216, 223, 287
Save the Whales campaign, 24, 89­90               Skinner, B. F., 233
Sawyer, Ben, 55                                   Skyworks, 152, 160­161, 165
Sayers, Dorothy, 246­248, 254                     Slashdot (website), 166
Schleiner, Anne-Marie, 125                        Soccer, 177­179, 212, 213
Schlosser, Eric, 31                               Social software, 123
Schor, Juliet B., 223                             Socrates, 15­19, 57
Schrage, Michael, 55                              Soft drinks, 144, 160, 162, 166, 168,
SeaWorld, 181­182, 184, 216                          197, 214­218, 220, 276­277
Secret shoppers, 169                              Software studies, 353
Securities Exchange Commission (SEC),             Sonic the Hedgehog, 285­286
   276                                            Sony, 175, 194­196, 293, 304, 315
Sega, 162, 193, 285, 293                          Sony Ericsson, 195­196
Sega Master System (videogame                     Space Invaders, 49, 90, 103­104, 106,
   console), 285                                     276
Semiotic domains, 142, 243                        Spacewar!, 13, 341n
Sensodyne, 205­206                                Spears, Britney, 174
September 11, 2001, 68­69, 83­85,                 Spector, Warren, 286
   120, 126, 129­130, 180, 238                    Speech act theory, 108, 362n
Serbia, 81­82                                     Spider-Man, 180
Serious Games, 11, 54­59, 68, 69,                 Spielberg, Steven, 175, 189, 191
   254­255, 291­292, 332, 333­337,                Splinter Cell, 133, 166, 195, 199
   340, 365, 398, 405, 411, 412, 415,             Sprite (soft drink), 166
   418, 428, 436, 442                             Sprite (2d computer graphics), 51, 90


                                        Index

                                            448
Spurlock, Morgan, 114, 115, 206                 Thorndike, Edward, 233
Squire, Kurt, 125, 267, 334­335                 THQ, 169
Starbucks Coffee, 166, 226                      Tin Lizzie, 154
Star Trek, 200                                  TiVo. See Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
Star Wars, 284                                  Tolkien, J. R. R., 246
Statistics, 35, 40, 76, 103, 162                Total liquid intake (TLI), 218
Stern, Howard, 102                              Track & Field, 296­297, 313
Stone, Oliver, 317                              Tragedy, 85
Strawberry Shortcake, 174                       Training, 75­77, 80­81, 141, 262­263,
Super Bowl, 103, 151, 164                         275­282
Super Mario Bros., 50, 297                       corporate, 275­282
Supermarkets, 33, 38, 109, 150, 156,             vs. learning, 263, 282
   336                                          Trapp, Robert, 20
Super Monkey Ball, 193, 332                     Trippi, Joe, 122
Survivor, 192                                   Trivium, 246­250, 339
Sutton-Smith, Brian, 52­54                      Tron, 161
Swenson, Richard, 271                           Turkle, Sherry, 37, 63
                                                Twitchell, James B., 147­148
Taliban, 85                                     Tycoon games, 180­185
Talk radio, 120
Tarantino, Quentin, 189                         Ubisoft, 195
Taxation, 37, 40, 49, 50­54, 63, 64,            Ulicsak, Mary, 336
   102­109, 112, 121, 143, 147,                 United Auto Workers (UAW), 276
   166­167, 238, 266, 277, 323                  United Nations, 95, 183­184
Television, 5, 21, 36, 49, 60, 93, 120,         United Nations, World Food
   149­151, 154, 161, 164­165, 167,               Programme (WFP), 183­184
   171, 174­175, 189, 192, 196­197,             Unit operations
   205, 211, 212, 215, 228, 242, 250,            book, x, 46
   259, 284, 294­295, 314­316, 318,              concept, 8, 13, 243, 258, 287
   324, 347n                                    Universal Product Code (UPC),
Tenure (game), 1­2                                203
Terrorism, 57, 67, 71, 75, 82, 84,              University of California, Berkeley, 67,
   86­87, 100, 129, 167, 195, 229,                71, 72
   259, 286                                     Urination, 111­112, 147, 170,
Tetris, 207, 212, 242­243, 251                    221­222
Text adventures, 13, 349n. See also             Uruguay, 103
   Interactive fiction                          U.S. Army, 8, 75­82, 131, 333
Theology, 246, 248                              U.S. House of Representatives, 68
Thomas, David, 327­329, 332­333                 U.S. presidential election (2004), 91,
Thoreau, Henry David, 269                         94, 99­101, 121­124, 139, 261


                                          Index

                                          449
Vartan, Michael, 189                           Wikis, 25, 36
Verisimilitude. See Realism                    Wild Tangent, 212
Vernors, 214                                   Williams, Raymond, 147
Video Cassette Recorder (VCR), 151             Williamson, Judith, 211, 214
Videogame industry, 48, 93, 167,               Windows XP, 251
   318­320                                     Wisdom Tree, 287­289. See also Color
Videogames                                       Dreams
 and computer graphics, 49                     Wise, Jesse, 247­248
 and expression, 48­49                         Woodrow Wilson International Center
 and ideology, 74­75                             for Scholars, 55
 and procedural rhetoric, 40­59                WordPerfect, 45
Vietnam war, 84, 134                           World War II, 246, 295
Virtual Magic Kingdom, 149, 152, 173           World Wide Web (WWW), 26­27,
Virtual reality (VR), 348                        121, 197, 205
Volkswagen, 154, 217                           Wright, Will, 102, 260, 268
Volvo, 209­210
Vygotsky, Lev Semenovich, 234                  Xanadu. See Nelson, Ted
                                               Xbox (videogame console), 49, 175,
Wade, Mitchell, 240­241                          199, 209, 237, 293, 303, 307, 309,
Waldman, Steven, 179                             315
Wallace, David Foster, 189                     Xerox Palo Alto Reasearch (PARC), 244
Walsh, Tony, 224­225
War, 3, 61, 75­79, 82, 84, 87, 101,            Yahoo!, 165
  105, 107, 125, 131, 213, 246, 295,           YaYa, 159, 371n
  335                                          Yoshinoya, 184­188, 219
 and honor, 77
Wardrip-Fruin, Noah, xiii, 13, 89. See         Zappen, James P., 25
  also Procedural logics                       Zapruder, Abraham, 133
Warnick, Barbara, 25, 26, 28                   Zaxxon, 294
Warren Commission, 128, 132­133,               Zimmerman, Eric, 42, 53­54
  135                                          Zines, 25
Water Cooler Games (website), xiii­xiv          
                                               Zizek, Slavoj, 74­75
Weber, Max, 6, 7, 74                           Z-Machine, 13
Weiss, D. B., 204                              Zork, 13
Weizenbaum, Joseph, 10                         Zyda, Mike, 76­78
Whack-a-Mole, 218, 303­304, 309
Whalen, Zach, 160, 161
White House, 69, 70, 90, 94, 97­98,
  102, 105, 242
Wii (videogame console), 295, 314


                                         Index

                                         450