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Issue Number 376
A I D S December 28, 2001
Published 18 times a year by
TREATMENT John S. James
AIDS Treatment News
NEWS 1233 Locust St., 5th floor
Philadelphia, PA 19107
800-TREAT-1-2
Email: aidsnews@aidsnews.org
Contents
HIV Resistance: Data and Spin ............................................................................. 2
National press stories largely misinterpreted the new study which found high levels of HIV drug
resistance in U.S. patients.
Barcelona Conference Abstract, Scholarship Deadlines Early 2002 ................ 4
Online abstract submissions for the XIV International AIDS conference in Barcelona (July 7-12,
2002) need to be received by January 21 (note time zones); deadline is January 14 for paper or disk
abstract submissions to be received. Scholarship applications are due February 1.
African-Americans and AIDS Conference, February 25-26, Washington.......... 4
Nationally prominent speakers will address this year's conference.
AIDS Treatment News Denialist Series ................................................................ 5
During the last year and a half AIDS Treatment News has published a series of articles answering
fringe theories (that HIV is harmless, HIV doesn't exist, people should not be tested for HIV or take
antiretrovirals if positive, etc.) Here are the references and links to all the articles in our series.
Medical Marijuana Grants: Application Deadlines January 15, May 1,
and September 1 ................................................................................................. 5
The Marijuana Policy Project announced grants up to $50,000 for projects on law reform, especially
medical marijuana.
Buyers' Club List, December 2001........................................................................ 6
Our annual list of AIDS-related buyers' clubs and contact information.
AIDS Treatment News Index, 2001 ....................................................................... 7
Annual index of this year's articles
AIDS Treatment News HIV Resistance:
Data and Spin
Subscription and Editorial Office:
AIDS Treatment News John S. James
Philadelphia FIGHT
1233 Locust St., 5th floor On December 18 the first report was presented from
Philadelphia, PA 19107 a new study of the prevalence of drug-resistant HIV in
800-TREAT-1-2 toll-free U.S. and Canada U.S. patients in early 1999.1 This study found that
fax: 215-985-4952 somewhere between 50 and 78 percent of these
email: aidsnews@aidsnews.org patients (depending on how you count patients whose
viral resistance could not be measured) had some
Editor and Publisher: John S. James degree of reduced susceptibility to at least one
Associate Editors: Tadd T. Tobias, R.N. antiretroviral. White, gay, middle class, insured
patients had the most resistance, on the average, while
Statement of Purpose: those with less access to care had less. The national
AIDS Treatment News reports on experimental and press eagerly picked up that story; and when we got
standard treatments, especially those available now. home from the ICAAC conference in Chicago where
We interview physicians, scientists, other health the preliminary report was presented, we found that
professionals, and persons with AIDS or HIV; we
also collect information from meetings and people all over the country had heard it -- and little
conferences, medical journals, and computer else from the conference.
databases. Long-term survivors have usually tried
many different treatments, and found combinations
A closer look shows that while the study results are
which work for them. AIDS Treatment News does not valid (though not as surprising as they might appear),
recommend particular therapies, but seeks to increase the central messages that carried the press story appear
the options available. to be misinterpretations -- ones that could have future
Subscription Information: Call 800-TREAT-1-2 consequences for society's political will to deal with
Businesses, Institutions, Professional offices: the HIV epidemic, both in the U.S. and abroad:
$325/year. Includes early delivery of an extra copy
by email. 1. The main message that went out through the press
Nonprofit community organizations: $150/year. is that drugs are not working because of resistance. In
Includes early delivery of an extra copy by email. fact, as one of the researchers noted to AIDS Treat-
Individuals: $140/year, or $80 for six months. ment News, the good news is that treatments are still
Special discount for persons with financial difficul- saving lives despite viral drug resistance. And most of
ties: $54/year, or $30 for six months. If you cannot the press ignored the fact, brought out at a press
afford a subscription, please write or call. conference at ICAAC, that many of the patients found
Outside the U.S., Canada, or Mexico, add air mail to have resistant virus started antiretrovirals years ago
postage of $20/year, or $10 for six months.
with inadequate regimens, and added new drugs one at
Back issues, and discounts for multiple subscrip-
tions, are available; contact our office for details.
a time as they became available in the 1990s --
Please send U.S. funds: personal check or bank conditions that facilitate resistance development.
draft, international postal money order, or travelers Patients starting treatment today do not use drugs that
checks. VISA, Mastercard, and purchase orders also way.
accepted.
2. The publicly available abstract of the study, as
To protect your privacy, we mail first class without
mentioning AIDS on the envelope, and we keep our well as statements to the press, correctly reported that
subscriber list confidential. resistance was associated with markers of access to
ISSN # 1052-4207 care. (Those with good access to medical care usually
Copyright 2001 by John S. James. To assure started treatment earlier, and therefore had more time
accuracy, AIDS Treatment News requires permission to develop resistance -- and also they often started with
for republishing articles. Readers may make up to 20 the suboptimal two-drug or one-drug regimens.) But
photocopies for persons with AIDS or HIV; if you the emotional subtext that sold the newspapers was the
want to reprint more, call or write to us. Bulk orders
and bulk subscriptions are available. Our address and
implication that gay white men, despite all their
phone number must be included in any reprint. Brief advantages, were not doing their part to control the
passages may be quoted for review. epidemic.
AIDS Treatment News #376, December 28, 2001 2 800-TREAT-1-2
How the Study Was Done can have drug-resistant virus.
This resistance study used samples collected in a This study did not collect adherence information
major national survey of HIV care in the U.S., the except for self-reports, and does not have enough data
HCSUS study (HIV Cost and Services Utilization to look at adherence.
Study).2 The importance of HCSUS is that while most AIDS Treatment News talked with Dr. Nick Hell-
studies describe the particular patients who are mann of Virologic, one of the authors of the resistance
available for the researchers (through a particular report. He noted that despite this viral resistance, the
medical institution or clinical trial, for example), death rate in the U.S. has still been kept relatively low
HCSUS carefully selected a sample to be as represen- since modern combination treatment was introduced.
tative as possible of all HIV-positive persons receiving He suspects that part of the reason is that unlike
medical care in the U.S. (except in the military, in bacteria, HIV usually pays a significant price for drug
prison, or in a hospital emergency department), in the resistance, and is likely to become less able to
first two months of 1996. HCSUS randomly selected replicate and cause rapid worsening of disease. He
4042 patients and interviewed 76% of them. It found noted that while it might be possible for HIV to evolve
that in January and February of 1996, about 230,000 to be both highly resistant and highly pathogenic, this
HIV-infected adults received medical care.2 HCSUS appears to be uncommon.
also found that "the patient population was dispropor-
tionately male, black, and poor," that many Americans
with HIV were receiving care less than twice a year, Comment
and that the total cost of medical care for Americans This study did indeed find more resistance (HIV
with HIV was less than 1% of all direct personal with reduced susceptibility to antiretrovirals) than
health expenditures.2 expected. But much of this result is not really
In the new resistance study, over 1900 plasma surprising given the study design. The patients
samples obtained from HCSUS volunteers about three selected were all in care in the U.S. in early 1996, but
years later (in late 1998 to early 1999) were analyzed had their blood drawn and virus tested three years later
using the ViroLogic PhenoSense resistance test. Sixty- in late 1998 to early 1999. With this sampling, many
three percent of these samples had a viral load of over of the patients would have been on antiretrovirals for a
500 copies of HIV, and 89% of those had resistance long time, giving more time for resistance to occur.
test results (those with a viral load lower than 500 Since all were in care in early 1996 and known at that
cannot be tested for resistance with standard tests). Of time to have HIV, it is likely that many of them started
those who could be tested, 78% had reduced suscepti- on suboptimal therapies. This selection (plus the fact
bility to at least one antiretroviral. that resistance was tested for many drugs, and just one
positive test led to the volunteer being counted as
There was confusion in news reports over whether having resistant virus) may partly explain why this
resistance was found in 78% of the patients, or in study found much more resistance than other studies.
about half of them. This is because the most conserva-
tive calculation assumed no resistance in any of the The groups that started treatment earlier -- including
patients who could not be tested for resistance. gay men, and those with insurance -- had more
Therefore, 78% (of those successfully tested who were resistance, probably because they had more time for it
found to be resistant to at least one antiretroviral) to develop (as well as more chance of having been
times 63% (of those eligible for resistance testing exposed to the two-drug or one-drug antiretroviral
since they had a viral load of over 500 copies), gives regimens no longer in use).
49% of the total study population in which reduced Could the new publicity on high prevalence of
susceptibility to at least one antiretroviral was resistance contribute to the arguments against
documented. (This calculation is approximate, because providing antiretroviral treatment in Africa? This
in the actual study weighting factors were used to study only looked at the U.S. But it is reasonable to
make the sample of patients studied be more assume that if treatment is introduced correctly in
representative of the U.S. HIV patient population.) African countries, the results of this U.S. study would
Those who could not be tested probably tended to have not apply. There will be less resistance than in the
less resistance than the others (since most had a low U.S., if patients are started on modern regimens and
viral load, indicating the drugs were probably working managed correctly.
well), but certainly persons with viral load under 500
Also, the kinds of HIV that are not native to the U.S.
AIDS Treatment News #376, December 28, 2001 3 800-TREAT-1-2
(but have been common for years in Africa and other (http://www.aids2002.com);
parts of the world) have not spread here to any large
* February 1: Scholarship applications.
extent. Quite likely the major reason is those at risk of
HIV in the U.S. are far more likely to get infected by a See http://www.aids2002.com for application forms
native virus, which probably blocks infection by other and more information.
HIV strains. So the media image of resistant "supervi-
ruses" spreading from Africa throughout the world is
contrary to the facts observed for years.
The right message to take from this study is that African-Americans
viral resistance is a serious problem, and people should
be more careful to use antiretrovirals correctly. It is
and AIDS Conference,
also important to prevent transmission of resistant February 25-26, Washington
virus to persons who are HIV-negative. For those
already infected, generally it is best to have HIV fully The 2002 National Conference on African-
suppressed whenever antiretrovirals are used, so that Americans and AIDS will be held at the DC Renais-
there is little or no viral replication, and resistant virus sance Hotel in Washington, D.C.
cannot evolve. But for many patients this goal is not Speakers include:
feasible. For these patients and for everyone else with
HIV, we need new drugs that are more effective, less * Kweisi Mfume, president/CEO of The National
toxic, and less susceptible to viral resistance. We Association for the Advancement of Colored People;
especially need new classes of treatments, including * Beny J. Primm, M.D., The Addiction Research
new targets for antiretrovirals, and immune-based and Treatment Corporation;
therapies to help the body itself control HIV.
* Celia J. Maxwell, M.D., FACP, Howard Univer-
sity;
References
* Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., National Institutes of
1. Richman DD, Bozzette S, Morton S, Chien S, Health;
Wrin T, Dawson K, and Hellmann N. The prevalence
of antiretroviral drug resistance in the U.S. 41st * Valerie Stone, M.D., Brown University;
International Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and * Phill Wilson, African-American HIV/AIDS Policy
Chemotherapy, Chicago, December 18 [abstract LB- Training Institute;
17].
* Robert Fullilove, Ph.D., Columbia University
2. Bozzettee SA, Berry SH, Duan N, Richman D
and others. The care of HIV-infected adults in the * Glenn Treisman, M.D., Ph.D., Johns Hopkins
United States. The New England Journal of Medicine. University.
December 24, 1998; volume 339, number 26, pages "This Conference is designed for clinicians who
1897-1904. care for African-American patients infected with
HIV/AIDS, nurses, pharmacists, HIV/AIDS service
organization professionals, social workers, healthcare
media, legislators, and other allied health professionals
Barcelona Conference concerned about HIV/AIDS in African-Americans."
Abstract, Scholarship This year the conference must charge a $50 admis-
sion fee, which includes breakfast and lunch. There are
Deadlines Early 2002 some scholarships for people with HIV. Up to 15
hours of Category 1 CME credit will be available.
The following deadlines are rapidly approaching for
the XIV International AIDS Conference, Barcelona, For more information, including a full list of speak-
Spain, July 7-12, 2002: ers, see http://www.ncaaa.net.
* January 14: Abstract submissions if by paper or
disk;
* January 21: Abstract submissions online
AIDS Treatment News #376, December 28, 2001 4 800-TREAT-1-2
AIDS Treatment News "HIV Testing 101 (Part 2 of 2)," by Bruce Mirken,
AIDS Treatment News #375
Denialist Series http://www.aids.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/a-375-04
In our last issue we completed our series of articles, The following articles are not part of the same series, but
mostly by Bruce Mirken, answering the "AIDS are related:
denialist" assertions that HIV is harmless (or does not "Treatment Interruption: Experts Sound Cautious Note at
exist), HIV treatment should be avoided, HIV-related San Francisco Forum; Meeting Proceeds Despite Disrup-
medical tests are inaccurate and useless, etc. Here we tion," by Bruce Mirken, AIDS Treatment News #341
have collected the references and links to our articles http://www.aids.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/a-341-01
so that the whole series can be found more easily. (This meeting on treatment interruption was invaded by
about a dozen AIDS denialists, resulting in minor injury to a
The first article in this series appeared in April member of the staff of Project Inform, the meeting
2000, and the last article in December 2001. The first organizer.)
two articles below are deliberately out of sequence, so "Durban Declaration on HIV and AIDS,"
that our summary of what the series is about can be AIDS Treatment News #346
listed first. The series actually began in the issue http://www.aids.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/a-346-03
before the summary.
"Africa: Interview with South African High Court Justice
As we stated in the summary, "Our concern is not Edwin Cameron," by Bruce Mirken, AIDS Treatment News
the ideas--we agree that all sorts of ideas should be #368
explored and debated--but rather the direct translation http://www.aids.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/a-368-03
of casual speculation and debating points into the
medical care of patients with life-threatening illness."
The series:
"AIDS Denialists: How to Respond," by John S. James,
Medical Marijuana Grants:
AIDS Treatment News #342, May 5, 2000 Application Deadlines
http://www.aids.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/a-342-10
"Answering the AIDS Denialists: CD4 (T-Cell) Counts,
January 15, May 1,
and Viral Load," by Bruce Mirken, AIDS Treatment News and September 1
#341
http://www.aids.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/a-341-02 On January 3 the Marijuana Policy Project in
Washington D.C. announced that grants up to $50,000
"AIDS Treatment Improves Survival: Answering the
'AIDS Denialists,' by Bruce Mirken, AIDS Treatment News will be awarded to "organizations and projects that
#350 articulate effective tactics and strategies to regulate
http://www.aids.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/i-350 marijuana similarly to alcohol and to make marijuana
available for medical use. Grants will not be awarded
"HIV Treatment and Survival: Easy Language Version,"
to hemp-related projects, state ballot initiatives, or
by Bruce Mirken, AIDS Treatment News #354
http://www.aids.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/a-354-08 political campaigns." (But a major focus will be
(This flyer shortens and simplifies the survival article in changing marijuana laws in specific jurisdictions --
issue #350. Agencies can reproduce it as an easy-to-read especially passing medical marijuana bills in Mary-
backgrounder for clients.) land, New Mexico, and Vermont.)
"Answering the AIDS Denialists: Is AIDS Real?," by The deadline for the first round of grant submissions
Bruce Mirken, AIDS Treatment News #356 is January 15, 2002, and the first round checks will be
http://www.aids.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/a-356-06 issued by March 31, 2002. For those who miss the
"Viral Load and T-Cell (CD4) Counts: Why They January 15 deadline, the deadlines for the next rounds
Matter," by Bruce Mirken, AIDS Treatment News #364 are scheduled for May 1 and September 1.
http://www.aids.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/a-364-09
For more information and instructions for applying,
(Easy language version of the CD4 and viral load article in
issue #341, above.) see http://www.mpp.org/grants/index.html. Or contact
the grants department of the Marijuana Policy Project,
"HIV Testing 101 (Part 1 of 2)," by Bruce Mirken, 202-462-5747 ext. 270.
AIDS Treatment News #374
http://www.aids.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/a-374-05
AIDS Treatment News #376, December 28, 2001 5 800-TREAT-1-2
Buyers' Club List, District of Columbia
Carl Vogel Center
December 2001 http://www.carlvogelcenter.org
cvc@erols.com
AIDS Treatment News publishes a buyers' club list each 1012 14th St. NW, Suite 707, Washington DC 20005
December. For a short overview and introduction to the 202-638-0750, fax: 202-638-0749
meaning, history, and services of these organizations, see
AIDS Treatment News #309, December 18, 1998. Membership: annual cost $25 (includes a BIA test, reduced
prices for massage acupuncture, educational symposium,
We focus on buyers' clubs specializing in HIV (we also newsletter, reduced prices for supplements).
included Rainbow Grocery in San Francisco, because of its
extensive selection of supplements and excellent informa-
tion about them). All the organizations listed below are Georgia
nonprofit. Most can provide products by mail order. Most AIDS Treatment Initiatives
have fact sheets or other information, and some have a http://www.aidstreatment.org
nutritionist or other expert available at certain times to info@aidstreatment.org
answer questions. Some offer financial assistance with 159 Ralph McGill Blvd. NE Suite 510, Atlanta GA 30308-3311
purchases if necessary. Most are open to the public, but 888-874-4845 or 404-659-2437
some require membership (which may require an annual fee, fax: 404-659-2438
or be restricted geographically or in other ways). Call ahead
for current information. Massachusetts
We have not listed medical marijuana buyers' clubs here. Treatment Information Network's/Boston Buyers' Club
The best way to find out about any in your area is by referral http://www.vitatime.com/
from a local AIDS service organization, support group, or bosbuyrclb@aol.com
healthcare professional. Boston Living Center, 29 Stanhope St., 3rd Floor
Boston MA 02116
800-435-5586, or 617-266-2223
Arizona fax: 617-450-9412
Being Alive Buyers' Club
http://www.apaz.org/ (click "Buyer's Club")
edgarr@apaz.org New York
1427 North Third St., Phoenix AZ 85004 DAAIR (Direct Access Alternative Information Resources)
602-253-2437, fax: 602-253-5577 http://www.daair.org
email: info@daair.org
Travis Wright Memorial Buyers' Club 31 East 30th St. #2A, New York NY 10016
Southern Arizona AIDS Foundation Buyers' Club 888-951-5433 or 212-725-6994
http://www.saaf.org/BChome.htm fax: 212-689-6471
info@saaf.org Note: The largest buyers' club. Membership by sliding scale,
375 S. Euclid Ave, Tucson AZ 85719 $5, $10, or $25 per year; new members receive treatment
800-771-9054 or 520-628-7223 information pack. Also, "Preventing and Managing Side
fax: 520-628-7222; TTY: 800/367-8937 Effects and HIV Symptoms" is available at
http://www.daair.org (no membership required -- click the
California Countering Toxicities button on the home page), or by mail
Rainbow Grocery Cooperative (20% PWA discount, with by request if necessary.
the Helping Hand card)
http://www.rainbowgrocery.org/ (no products online 12/01) Texas
vitamins@rainbowgrocery.org Houston Buyers' Club
1745 Folsom St., San Francisco CA 94103 http://www.houstonbuyersclub.com/
415-863-0620 hbc@neosoft.com
3400 Montrose Blvd. #605, Houston TX 77006
Colorado 800-350-2392
Denver Buyers' Club (PWA Coalition Colorado) 713-520-5288, fax: 713-521-7419
1290 Williams St., Suite 102 Note: How to Manage Side Effects, a 48-page booklet by
Mailing address: P.O. Box 300339, Denver CO 80203-0339 Lark Lands, Michael Mooney, Nelson Vergel, and others is
303-329-9379, fax: 303-329-9381, pwacolo@aol.com available without charge. You can request a copy by phone,
www.pwacoalitionofcolorado.com (starting Feb. 2002) mail, or email.
Bilingual Spanish/English TTY: thru operator
AIDS Treatment News #376, December 28, 2001 6 800-TREAT-1-2
d4T+ddI 358
AIDS Treatment News Denialists 364
Denialists 374
Index, 2001 Denialists 375
Denialists, AIDS Treatment News series 376
20th year of AIDS 364 Developing countries (see Access, international)
911 371 Direct action 364
Abacavir 373 Doctors Without Borders (see MSF)
Access, international (see Global epidemic) Doha 371
ACT UP Philadelphia 367 Drug donations 361
ADAP program 366 Efavirenz 362
ADAP program 371 Efavirenz 373
Africa (see also South Africa) European parliament 363
Africa -- home care 361 Fact sheets 358
Africa 359 FDA 362
Africa 360 FDA 369
Africa 363 Fibrosis 370
Africa 371 Funding -- international (see Global epidemic)
Africa 372 Garlic 375
Africa 373 GB virus C 372
African American conference 376 Gilead Sciences (see Tenofovir)
African Americans 359 GlaxoSmithKline 360
Agenerase 373 GlaxoSmithKline 371
AIDS research -- 20 views 368 GlaxoSmithKline 372
AIDS Treatment Activist Coalition 370 Global epidemic 362
AIDSWatch 362 Global epidemic 363
AmFAR HIV/AIDS Treatment Directory 363 Global epidemic 367
AmFAR Treatment Insider 362 Global epidemic 369
Amprenavir 373 Global epidemic 370
Antibodies and HIV 365 Global epidemic 372
Antibody testing 374 Global epidemic 373
Antibody testing 375 Guidelines 361
Antiretrovirals list 372 Heart disease 370
ATAC 370 Hepatitis C 359
Barcelona (see International AIDS Conference) Hepatitis C 371
Bioterrorism--immune research 373 Hepatitis 375
Bone disease 366 HIV drugs 372
Brazil 359 HIV incidence 359
Bristol-Myers Squibb 361 HIV prevention 364
Buenos Aires conference 368 HIV resistance 368
Buenos Aires conference 369 HIV testing, part I of II 374
Burkina Faso 363 HIV testing, part II of II 375
Busch, Barry 367 Homocysteine 370
Buyers' club list 376 IAPAC 369
Cameron, Justice Edwin 368 IAS Conference 368
CD4 count 364 IAS Conference 369
Civil society 365 ICAAC conference 375
Cohen, Jon 367 ICAAC conference 376
Coinfection (HIV and HCV) 371 Immune-based treatment 360
Conference reports on Web 373 Innate immune system 373
Counterfeit drugs 365 Intellectual property -- patent proposal 366
AIDS Treatment News #376, December 28, 2001 7 800-TREAT-1-2
Intellectual property (see also Global epidemic) Saquinavir 375
Intellectual property 359 Scondras, David 371
Intellectual property 360 Social organization 367
Intellectual property 363 South Africa 359
Intellectual property 371 South Africa 360
Interaction, garlic & saquinavir 375 South Africa 361
Intermittent treatment 375 South Africa 364
International (see Global epidemic) South Africa 368
International AIDS Candlelight Memorial 364 South Africa 374
International AIDS Conference 372 STI (structured treatment interruption) 369
International AIDS Conference 376 Structured intermittent therapy 375
Johns Hopkins Report 361 Sustiva 362
Kaletra 362 Sustiva 373
Kaletra 373 Syringe prescription 364
Liver (see Hepatitis) T-20 373
Liver fibrosis 370 TAC (Treatment Action Campaign) 374
Malawi 371 TAG (Treatment Action Group) 364
Marijuana Policy Project 376 TAG (Treatment Action Group) 369
Maternal infant transmission 364 T-cell (CD4) count 364
Maternal transmission lawsuit 374 Tenofovir 360
Medical marijuana 376 Tenofovir 364
Medscape 369 Tenofovir 370
Merck 361 Tenofovir 372
Merck 367 Tenofovir approved 373
Mirken, Bruce 376 Therapeutic drug monitoring 363
Mitochondrial toxicity 366 Trade rules 371
MSF 361 Treatment access 359
Names reporting 367 Treatment guidelines (see Guidelines) 361
NATAF 370 Treatment interruption 369
Nevirapine 358 Treatment vs. prevention controversy 362
Nevirapine 374 Treatment vs. prevention controversy 365
New Mexico AIDS InfoNet 358 Tuberculosis guidelines 371
North American AIDS Treatment Action Forum 370 Twinning organizations 363
Pediatric AIDS 374 UNGASS 359
Pharmacokinetics 375 UNGASS 365
Pipeline (HIV drugs) 372 UNGASS 366
Post-exposure prophylaxis 358 UNGASS 367
Pregnancy 358 United Nations (see UNGASS)
Protease inhibitors 370 Vaccines 359
Protease inhibitors 375 Vaccines 367
Research -- 20 views 368 Viral load 6-day changes 374
Resistance conference 368 Viral load 364
Resistance prevalence 376 Viramune 374
Resistance tests 374 ViroLogic 376
Retroviruses conference 2001 359 Women, treatment 368
Retroviruses conference 2001 361 Women, treatment 372
Retroviruses conference 2002 372 World AIDS Day 373
Richman, Douglas 376 Ziagen 373
Salvage therapy 362
San Francisco 359
Saquinavir 373
AIDS Treatment News #376, December 28, 2001 8 800-TREAT-1-2