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March 11, 1998, Vol 279, No. 10 Pages 723-810
To promote the science and art of medicine and the betterment of the public health.
Original Contributions
The APOE- 4 Allele and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease
114 Years of Continuous Publication Among African Americans, Whites, and Hispanics ................................. 751
World Wide Web Address: http: //www.ama-assn.org/jama M.-X. Tang, Y. Stern, K. Marder, K. Bell, B. Gurland, R. Lantigua,
EDITORIAL STAFF H. Andrews, L. Feng, B. Tycko, R. Mayeux, New York, NY
Editor: George D. Lundberg, MD
Deputy Editor: Richard M. Glass, MD Predictive Value of Quantitative Plasma HIV RNA and
Deputy Editor (West): Drummond Rennie, MD
Senior Editors: Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, Margaret A. Winker, MD
CD4+ Lymphocyte Count in HIV-Infected Infants and Children ......... 756
Senior Contributing Editor: M. Therese Southgate, MD P. E. Palumbo, Newark, NJ; C. Raskino, Boston, Mass; S. Fiscus, Chapel Hill, NC;
Contributing Editors: Charles B. Clayman, MD, Helene M.
Cole, MD, Thomas B. Cole, MD, MPH, David S. Cooper, MD, David
S. Pahwa, Manhasset, NY; M. G. Fowler, Bethesda, Md; S. A. Spector, San Diego, Calif;
H. Mark, MD, MPH, Harriet S. Meyer, MD, Carin M. Olson, MD, J. A. Englund, C. J. Baker, Houston, Tex
Jeanette M. Smith, MD, Jody W. Zylke, MD
Consulting Editors: Robert A. Clark, MD, Deborah J. Cook, MD Effect of Nancy Reagan's Mastectomy
Statistical Editor: Naomi Vaisrub, PhD
Associate Senior Editor: Annette Flanagin on Choice of Surgery for Breast Cancer by US Women ........................ 762
Associate Editors: Charlene Breedlove, Roxanne K. Young A. B. Nattinger, R. G. Hoffmann, A. Howell-Pelz, Milwaukee, Wis;
Fishbein Fellow: Ronna Henry Siegel, MD
International Fellow: Zhong Zihong J. S. Goodwin, Galveston, Tex
Medical News & Perspectives: Marsha F. Goldsmith (editor);
Charles Marwick, Andrew Skolnick, Joan Stephenson, PhD
(associate editors); Rebecca Voelker (contributing editor)
Assistant Editors: Brian P. Pace, Juliana M. Walker
Special Communications
EDITORIAL BOARD Addressing a State's Physician Workforce Priorities
Daniel M. Albert, MD, Madison, Wis
Kenneth A. Arndt, MD, Boston, Mass
Through the Funding of Graduate Medical Education:
H. David Banta, MD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Jack D. Barchas, MD, New York, NY
The TennCare Model .................................................................................................. 767
Michael Berger, MD, Du ¨sseldorf, Germany R. L. Summitt, Memphis, Tenn; R. R. Herrick, Nashville, Tenn;
Robert J. Blendon, ScD, Boston, Mass M. Martins, Memphis, Tenn
Marjorie A. Bowman, MD, MPA, Philadelphia, Pa
James E. Dalen, MD, Tucson, Ariz
Catherine D. DeAngelis, MD, Baltimore, Md
Evaluation of Antismoking Advertising Campaigns ................................ 772
Lois DeBakey, PhD, Houston, Tex L. K. Goldman, S. A. Glantz, San Francisco, Calif
Ronald G. Evens, MD, St Louis, Mo
Michael E. Johns, MD, Atlanta, Ga
Colin I. Johnston, MB,BS, Melbourne, Australia
Donald A. B. Lindberg, MD, Bethesda, Md
Brief Report
Herve Maisonneuve, MD, Paris, France
´
Kenneth D. McClatchey, MD, DDS, Maywood, Ill Effect of Treatment of Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Quan Dong Nguyen, MD, Boston, Mass
Claude H. Organ, Jr, MD, Oakland, Calif
on Left Ventricular Mass .......................................................................................... 778
Edmund D. Pellegrino, MD, Washington, DC E. O. Ofili, Atlanta, Ga; J. D. Cohen, J. A. St. Vrain, St Louis, Mo;
Reed E. Pyeritz, MD, PhD, Pittsburgh, Pa A. Pearson, Columbus, Ohio; T. J. Martin, N. D. Uy, R. Castello, A. J. Labovitz, St Louis, Mo
Uwe E. Reinhardt, PhD, Princeton, NJ
Povl Riis, MD, Copenhagen, Denmark
William L. Roper, MD, MPH, Chapel Hill, NC
Roger N. Rosenberg, MD, Dallas, Tex Review
Masaaki Terada, MD, Tokyo, Japan
INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Influence of Airway Management on Ventilator-Associated
Bassel Atallah, MD, JAMA--Middle East Pneumonia: Evidence From Randomized Trials ........................................ 781
Mauro Bologna, MD, JAMA--Italy D. Cook, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; B. De Jonghe, Poissy, France;
Yuichiro Goto, MD, JAMA--Japan
Evin Kantemir, MD, JAMA--Turkey L. Brochard, C. Brun-Buisson, Creteil, France
A. J. Khan, SI, FRCP, JAMA--Pakistan
Jin-Pok Kim, MD, JAMA--Korea
C. R. Kumana, MBBS, JAMA--Southeast Asia
Li Chengyi, MD, JAMA--China
Editorials
Alexandra Livaditou, MD, JAMA--Greece
Maria S. P. da Silva, MD, JAMA--Brazil APOE Polymorphisms and Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease:
Miguel Vilardell Tarres, MD, JAMA--Spanish Language
Ivan Vidmar, MD, JAMA--Slovenia
The Importance of Ethnicity ................................................................................... 788
Jir´ Widimsky MUDr, DrSc, JAMA--Czech/Slovak
i ´, W. A. Kukull, G. M. Martin, Seattle, Wash
Social Stress and the Russian Mortality Crisis ........................................... 790
JAMA(ISSN 0098-7484) is published weekly by theAmerican Medi- D. A. Leon, London, England; V. M. Shkolnikov, Moscow, Russia
cal Association, except for 4 combined issues in months with 5
Wednesdays. Address: 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES--The subscription rate for AMA members
($20 per year) is included in and is not deductible from the annual
The Cover .......................................................................................................................... 726
AMA membership dues. The annual subscription rates for nonmem- Jacob Lawrence, Birth M. T. Southgate
bers are $133 in the United States and US possessions, $175 in the
Americas, and £113 outside the Americas. The rate for nonmember
medical students and resident physicians is $80 in the United States.
The annual institution rates are $193 in the United States, $242 in the
Abstracts ........................................................................................................................ 726 b
Americas, and £156 outside the Americas. Address all subscription
communications to Subscriber Services Center, American Medical
Association, PO Box 10946, Chicago, IL 60610-0946. Phone: (800) Poetry and Medicine
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CHANGE OF ADDRESS--POSTMASTER, send all address Rowing Sylvan Cove J. L. Wright .................................................................................................... 726 j
changes to: JAMA, The Journal of theAmerican MedicalAssociation,
attention: Subscription Department, PO Box 10946, Chicago, IL Crabs J. Coulehan ........................................................................................................................ 726 p
60610. Notification of address change must be made at least 6 weeks
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Reference Directories
JAMA Registered in the US Patent and Trademark Office. Meetings in the United States . . . International Meetings .................................................................... 727
Copyright 1998 by the
American Medical Association (Table of Contents continued on next page.)
723
©1998 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Downloaded from www.jama.com on August 22, 2008
A Piece of My Mind .................................................................................................... 734
Paths E. Kroop-Martin
JAMA 100 Years Ago ........................................................................................... 734 n
The Abuse of Medical Charity; a Critical Review of Recent Literature.
SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION AND MULTIMEDIA STAFF
JAMA Instructions for Authors ................................................................ 734 aa Medical News and New Media Division: William M. Silberg
(editorial director); Marty Suter (associate editor); Deborah Flapan,
Neal Shankman (assistant editors); Marla A. Hall (staff assistant)
Medical News & Perspectives ........................................................................ 735 Editorial Systems andAdministration: Elaine Williams (director),
Vee Bailey (electronic input supervisor), Veronica Campos, Lenette
Group Drafts Core Curriculum for `What Docs Need to Know About Genetics' . . . Monitor Passes Gardner-Gullens (electronic input specialists)
First Tests With Flying Colors . . . As Flu Season Ends, Vaccines for Next Considered Administrative Assistant: Helga Fritz
Editorial Assistants: Linda Baker, Patricia Joworski, Gale
Saulsberry (group supervisors); Kemberly Evans (letters coordi-
The World in Medicine ........................................................................................... 739 nator); Mary Cannon, Susan Collister,Audrey Forman, Shirley Gogins,
Gwenn Gregg, Lisa Hardin, Carmina Landeros, Mary Ann Lilly,
From Bird to Boy . . . What Really Causes a Cold? . . . Corticosteroids and Bone Density . . . Environmental Christina Myers, Ethel Pinkston, Raul Serrato, Gloria Tate
Tobacco Smoke Affects Birth Weight . . . Global Threat of Heart Disease . . . Why Do Kids Faint? Editorial Processing Division: Cheryl Iverson (director), Diane
L. Cannon (freelance manager), Paul Frank (electronic editing
specialist), Monica Mungle (assistant electronic editing specialist)
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .......... 740 Copy Editing: Laura King (director); Susan R. Benner, Jane C. Lantz
(senior copy editors); Coleen Adamson, Joy Jaeger, Brande Martin
Rat-Bite Fever--New Mexico, 1996 . . . Missed Opportunities in Preventive Counseling for Cardiovascular
Disease --United States, 1995 . . . Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication--Turkey, 1994-1997 PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION STAFF
Production and Distribution Division: Vanessa Hayden (direc-
tor), Diane Darnell (publishing manufacturing analyst), Bonnie Van
Letters ................................................................................................................................... 745 Cleven (manager, budgets and costs), Karen Adams-Taylor (direc-
tor, advertising and production), Linda Knott (director, electronic
Articulating a Social Ethic for Health Care R. A. Epstein; D. G. Lindsay; J. F. Lally; U. E. Reinhardt production), Paul Gasiecki (manager, distribution)
Managers: Phil Arko (composition), Mary Ellen Johnston (data-
Antihypertensive Therapy: Recommendations and Realities C. W. Garvey, T. Q. Garvey III; base and new media), Teresa Omiotek (proofreading), Carole
D. Siegel, J. Lopez Piszker (advertising), Susan Price (print production), Charl Richey
Long-term Care in Japan and the United States: A Medical or Social Issue G. C. Manning; N. Ikegami (color and graphics)
Proofreaders: David Antos, Daniel James, Mary Kay Tinerella,
The Pendulum of Business and Professionalism in Medicine M. M. Cohen; J. K. Freedman
Barbara Wojtowicz
Antibiotic Therapy for Premature Rupture of Membranes to Prevent Respiratory Distress Syndrome Production Associates and Operators: Joseph Amft, Gail Barrett,
N. Cimolai; B. M. Mercer, E. A. Thom, R. L. Goldenberg Karen Branham, Debbie Camp, Brenda Chandler, La'son J. Diggs,
Shannon Epplett, Amy Evers, Betty Frigerio, Kathy Gaydar, Mari
Journal Review: Mind/Body Medicine T. G. Pickering, A. Stone; M. McKnight
Guizzetti, Ellen Gundersen, MaryAnn Kuranda, Sandra Lopez, Melanie
Calcium Carbonate and Reduction of Levothyroxine Efficacy C. R. Schneyer Parenti, Sarah Powell, Jeni Reiling, Chad Sanderson, Mary Ann
Schultz, Jo Anne Turner, Carmela Ware, JoAnne Weiskopf, Alicja
Wojcik-Dunn
Corrections ...................................................................................................................... 750 Production Assistant: Ruth Sprague
Incorrect Statement Trends in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the United States, 1993-1996 CIRCULATION AND MARKETING STAFF
Circulation Processing: Beverly Martin (director)
Incorrect Statement Health Care Leaders Form Drug Policy Group Circulation Development: Bina Oza (director)
Licensing and Permissions: Norman Frankel (director),
Ada Jiminez-Walker (permissions)
Reprint Coordinator: Joseph Rekash
Letter From Russia ............................................................................................. 793
Causes of Declining Life Expectancy in Russia F. C. Notzon, Y. M. Komarov, AMA Officers
S. P. Ermakov, C. T. Sempos, J. S. Marks, E. V. Sempos President: Percy Wootton, MD*
President-Elect: Nancy W. Dickey, MD*
Immediate Past President: Daniel H. Johnson, Jr, MD
Secretary-Treasurer: D. Ted Lewers, MD*
Books, Journals, New Media ........................................................................... 801 Speaker, House of Delegates: Richard F. Corlin, MD
Vice-Speaker, House of Delegates: John A. Knote, MD
Life in the Balance: Emergency Medicine and the Quest to Reverse Sudden Death
(Eisenberg) Reviewed by J. M. Atkins AMA Trustees
Herman I. Abromowitz, MD; Regina M. Benjamin, MD (Young
Emergency Medicine, vols 1 & 2 (Howell et al, eds) Reviewed by E. J. Otten Physician); Yank D. Coble, Jr, MD*; Timothy T. Flaherty, MD*; Palma
Occupational Hand and Upper Extremity Injuries and Diseases (Kasdan, ed) Reviewed by R. R. Cooper E. Formica, MD; J. Edward Hill, MD; William E. Jacott, MD; D. Ted
Lewers, MD*; William H. Mahood, MD; John C. Nelson, MD;
Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook (Lowinson et al, eds) Reviewed by B. I. Liskow Donald J. Palmisano, MD, JD; Pamela Petersen-Crair (Student);
Loss During Pregnancy or in the Newborn Period: Principles of Care Thomas R. Reardon, MD* (Chair); Randolph D. Smoak, Jr, MD*
With Clinical Cases and Analysis (Woods, Jr, Woods, eds) Reviewed by F. R. Witter (Vice Chair); Andrew M. Thomas, MD (Resident)
*Executive Committee.
Doctors, Nurses, and Medical Practitioners: A Bio-Bibliographical Sourcebook
AMA EXECUTIVE STAFF
(Magner, ed) Reviewed by J. B. Vander Veer, Jr
Chief Operating Officer & Interim Executive Vice President:
A History of Anatomy: The Post-Vesalian Era (Persaud) Reviewed by J. E. Skandalakis Lynn Jensen, PhD
Books, Journals, New Media Received Editor in Chief, Scientific Information and Multimedia:
George D. Lundberg, MD
Interim Senior Vice President, Publishing & Business:
From the JAMA Web Sites: Robert L. Kennett
Publisher: Peter J. Murphy
HIV/AIDS Information Center .......................................................................... 807 Director of Advertising Sales: Stuart H. Williams
ADVERTISING OFFICES--Eastern: 119 Cherry Hill Rd, 3rd Floor,
Latent Infection of Cells in HIV Disease: Abstract and Commentary Parsippany, NJ 07054 (Representative: Alice H. Herman [201-263-
9191]); Midwest/Farwest: 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610 (Rep-
resentative: Jeffery J. Bonistalli [312-464-2551]); Classified Ad-
Obituary Listing ........................................................................................................ 808 a vertising: 312-464-2456
ADVERTISING PRINCIPLES--Advertisements in this issue have
been reviewed to comply with the principles governing advertising
Classified Advertising and Announcements ................................ 810 a in AMA publications. A copy of these principles is available on re-
quest. The appearance of advertising in AMA publications is not an
AMA guarantee or endorsement of the product or the claims made
for the product by the manufacturer.
JAMA Journal Club Reading Assignments ..................................... 810 l MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION--Send manuscripts to the Editor,
George D. Lundberg, MD, JAMA, 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610.
Index to Advertisers .............................................................................................. 810 l All articles published, including editorials, letters, and book
reviews, represent the opinions of the authors and do not
reflect the official policy of theAmerican MedicalAssociation
or the institution with which the author is affiliated, unless
JAMA Reader's Choice: Continuing Medical Education ...... 809 this is clearly specified.
724 JAMA, March 11, 1998--Vol 279, No. 10
©1998 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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