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Created: Wed Feb 27 18:23:44 2008
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NEWS RELEASE
EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EST, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 2008
Virginia H. Mannering: (202) 606-5304 BEA 08-06
Recorded message: (202) 606-5306
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: FOURTH QUARTER 2007 (PRELIMINARY)
Real gross domestic product -- the output of goods and services produced by labor and property
located in the United States -- increased at an annual rate of 0.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2007,
according to preliminary estimates released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the third quarter,
real GDP increased 4.9 percent.
The GDP estimates released today are based on more complete source data than were available for
the advance estimates issued last month. In the advance estimates, the increase in real GDP was also 0.6
percent (see "Revisions" on page 3).
The increase in real GDP in the fourth quarter primarily reflected positive contributions from
personal consumption expenditures (PCE), exports, nonresidential structures, state and local government
spending, and equipment and software that were largely offset by negative contributions from private
inventory investment and residential fixed investment. Imports, which are a subtraction in the
calculation of GDP, decreased.
The deceleration in real GDP growth in the fourth quarter primarily reflected a downturn in
inventory investment and decelerations in exports, in PCE, and in federal government spending that
were partly offset by a downturn in imports.
Final sales of computers contributed 0.16 percentage point to the fourth-quarter growth in real
GDP after contributing 0.28 percentage point to the third-quarter growth. Motor vehicle output
subtracted 0.85 percentage point from the fourth-quarter growth in real GDP after contributing 0.36
percentage point to the third-quarter growth.
NOTE.--Quarterly estimates are expressed at seasonally adjusted annual rates, unless otherwise
specified. Quarter-to-quarter dollar changes are differences between these published estimates. Percent
changes are calculated from unrounded data and are annualized. "Real" estimates are in chained (2000)
dollars. Price indexes are chain-type measures.
This news release is available on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov/newsreleases/rels.htm.
.
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The price index for gross domestic purchases, which measures prices paid by U.S. residents,
increased 3.9 percent in the fourth quarter, 0.1 percentage point more than in the advance estimate; this
index increased 1.8 percent in the third quarter. Excluding food and energy prices, the price index for
gross domestic purchases increased 2.5 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 1.9
percent in the third.
Real personal consumption expenditures increased 1.9 percent in the fourth quarter, compared
with an increase of 2.8 percent in the third. Real nonresidential fixed investment increased 6.9 percent,
compared with an increase of 9.3 percent. Nonresidential structures increased 14.7 percent, compared
with an increase of 16.4 percent. Equipment and software increased 3.3 percent, compared with an
increase of 6.2 percent. Real residential fixed investment decreased 25.2 percent, compared with a
decrease of 20.5 percent.
Real exports of goods and services increased 4.8 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an
increase of 19.1 percent in the third. Real imports of goods and services decreased 1.9 percent, in
contrast to an increase of 4.4 percent.
Real federal government consumption expenditures and gross investment increased 0.9 percent in
the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 7.1 percent in the third. National defense decreased 0.3
percent, in contrast to an increase of 10.1 percent. Nondefense increased 3.4 percent, compared with an
increase of 1.1 percent. Real state and local government consumption expenditures and gross
investment increased 3.0 percent, compared with an increase of 1.9 percent.
The real change in private inventories subtracted 1.49 percentage points from the fourth-quarter
change in real GDP, after adding 0.89 percentage point to the third-quarter change. Private businesses
decreased inventories $10.1 billion in the fourth quarter, following increases of $30.6 billion in the third
quarter and $5.8 billion in the second.
Real final sales of domestic product -- GDP less change in private inventories -- increased 2.1
percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 4.0 percent in the third.
Gross domestic purchases
Real gross domestic purchases -- purchases by U.S. residents of goods and services wherever
produced -- decreased 0.3 percent in the fourth quarter, in contrast to an increase of 3.3 percent in the
third.
Current-dollar GDP
Current-dollar GDP -- the market value of the nation's output of goods and services -- increased
3.3 percent, or $113.6 billion, in the fourth quarter to a level of $14,084.1 billion. In the third quarter,
current-dollar GDP increased 6.0 percent, or $201.7 billion.
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Revisions
The preliminary estimate of the fourth-quarter increase in real GDP is the same as the advance
estimate issued last month, primarily reflecting a downward revision to imports that was largely offset
by a downward revision to private inventory investment.
Advance Preliminary
(Percent change from preceding quarter)
Real GDP............................................... 0.6 0.6
Current-dollar GDP............................... 3.2 3.3
Gross domestic purchases price index... 3.8 3.9
2007 GDP
Real GDP increased 2.2 percent in 2007 (that is, from the 2006 annual level to the 2007 annual
level), compared with an increase of 2.9 percent in 2006.
The major contributors to the increase in real GDP in 2007 were personal consumption
expenditures (PCE), exports, nonresidential structures, and state and local government spending. These
positive contributions were partly offset by decreases in residential fixed investment and in inventory
investment. Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, increased.
The deceleration in real GDP primarily reflected a larger decrease in residential fixed investment,
a downturn in private inventory investment, and a deceleration in equipment and software that were
partly offset by a deceleration in imports.
The price index for gross domestic purchases increased 2.7 percent in 2007, compared with an
increase of 3.3 percent in 2006.
Current-dollar GDP increased 4.9 percent, or $649.1 billion, in 2007. Current-dollar GDP
increased 6.1 percent, or $760.8 billion, in 2006.
During 2007 (that is, measured from the fourth quarter of 2006 to the fourth quarter of 2007), real
GDP increased 2.5 percent. Real GDP increased 2.6 percent during 2006. The price index for gross
domestic purchases increased 3.3 percent during 2007, compared with an increase of 2.4 percent during
2006.
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BEA's national, international, regional, and industry estimates; the Survey of Current Business; and
BEA news releases are available without charge on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov. By visiting the
site, you can also subscribe to receive free e-mail summaries of BEA releases and announcements.
* * *
Next release -- March 27, 2008, at 8:30 A.M. EDT for:
Gross Domestic Product: Fourth Quarter 2007 (Final)
Corporate Profits: Fourth Quarter 2007
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Table 1.--Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2005 2006 2007 r 2004 2005 2006 2007
I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III r IV r
Gross domestic product (GDP) ................. 3.1 2.9 2.2 3.0 3.5 3.6 2.5 3.1 2.8 4.5 1.2 4.8 2.4 1.1 2.1 0.6 3.8 4.9 0.6
Personal consumption expenditures .......................... 3.2 3.1 2.9 4.4 2.4 3.5 4.2 2.4 3.5 4.1 1.2 4.4 2.4 2.8 3.9 3.7 1.4 2.8 1.9
Durable goods ............................................................. 4.9 3.8 4.7 5.8 1.9 7.8 7.0 2.2 11.3 6.2 13.0 16.6 .8 5.6 3.9 8.8 1.7 4.5 2.3
Nondurable goods ....................................................... 3.6 3.6 2.4 4.6 1.5 3.1 4.9 3.5 3.7 2.5 4.7 4.5 2.3 3.2 4.3 3.0 .5 2.2 1.4
Services ....................................................................... 2.7 2.7 2.8 4.1 3.0 2.9 3.4 1.9 1.8 4.4 2.6 2.1 2.7 2.0 3.7 3.1 2.3 2.8 2.1
Gross private domestic investment ............................ 5.6 2.7 4.8 2.1 20.7 8.0 6.4 5.3 3.9 7.0 13.4 4.3 .6 4.1 14.1 8.2 4.6 5.0 12.5
Fixed investment ......................................................... 6.9 2.4 2.9 .2 12.9 9.3 7.3 4.0 7.9 8.0 2.3 7.9 1.9 4.7 7.1 4.4 3.2 .7 3.5
Nonresidential ......................................................... 7.1 6.6 4.8 2.6 10.7 12.3 10.3 3.3 5.0 8.6 3.4 13.3 4.2 5.1 1.4 2.1 11.0 9.3 6.9
Structures ............................................................ .5 8.4 13.1 .3 6.1 3.6 .2 2.1 1.6 6.3 4.8 15.0 16.4 10.8 7.4 6.4 26.2 16.4 14.7
Equipment and software .................................... 9.6 5.9 1.3 3.4 12.4 15.5 14.3 3.8 7.4 14.5 3.1 13.0 .1 2.9 4.9 .3 4.7 6.2 3.3
Residential ............................................................... 6.6 4.6 17.0 4.0 16.7 4.2 2.4 5.3 13.1 6.9 .5 .7 11.7 20.4 17.2 16.3 11.8 20.5 25.2
Change in private inventories ..................................... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Net exports of goods and services ............................ .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Exports ......................................................................... 6.9 8.4 8.0 10.0 6.5 3.1 10.0 6.0 9.5 2.1 10.6 11.5 5.7 5.7 14.3 1.1 7.5 19.1 4.8
Goods ...................................................................... 7.5 9.9 7.9 7.4 7.2 6.2 7.2 5.8 13.6 1.9 12.6 15.5 6.5 7.4 9.6 .9 6.6 26.2 4.0
Services ................................................................... 5.4 4.8 8.1 16.2 5.1 3.4 16.8 6.5 .9 2.6 6.3 2.9 3.9 2.0 26.0 1.6 9.6 4.0 6.8
Imports ......................................................................... 5.9 5.9 1.9 12.3 15.2 4.8 13.8 2.1 .8 2.1 16.2 6.9 .9 5.4 1.6 3.9 2.7 4.4 1.9
Goods ...................................................................... 6.6 6.0 1.6 11.5 16.6 5.5 14.5 3.2 1.0 2.5 17.3 6.5 1.1 6.2 .6 4.2 2.9 4.8 2.1
Services ................................................................... 2.3 5.2 3.1 16.5 8.9 1.8 10.5 3.5 .5 0 10.3 9.5 .1 1.3 14.2 2.3 1.7 1.7 .3
Government consumption expenditures and gross
investment .................................................................. .7 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.2 3.2 1.9 4.9 1.0 .8 3.5 .5 4.1 3.8 2.2
Federal ......................................................................... 1.5 2.2 1.7 6.1 2.4 6.2 4.6 2.8 .7 8.6 6.2 8.4 1.6 .9 7.3 6.3 6.0 7.1 .9
National defense ..................................................... 1.5 1.9 2.8 8.1 2.0 10.9 9.7 4.6 2.6 10.0 11.7 6.8 2.3 1.5 16.9 10.8 8.5 10.1 .3
Nondefense ............................................................. 1.3 2.8 .4 2.3 3.2 2.7 6.5 .8 3.0 5.8 5.8 11.9 8.8 6.0 10.0 3.8 .9 1.1 3.4
State and local ............................................................ .3 1.6 2.2 1.0 .7 1.1 .1 .4 1.5 0 .7 2.9 2.5 .7 1.3 3.0 3.0 1.9 3.0
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product ................................. 3.3 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.4 3.8 2.7 2.9 4.8 4.6 .5 5.4 2.0 1.0 3.5 1.3 3.6 4.0 2.1
Gross domestic purchases ......................................... 3.1 2.8 1.5 3.6 4.8 3.8 3.4 2.6 1.9 4.3 2.5 4.5 1.9 1.3 .8 1.1 2.4 3.3 .3
Final sales to domestic purchasers ............................ 3.3 2.7 1.8 3.2 3.7 4.0 3.6 2.4 3.7 4.5 .8 5.0 1.5 1.2 2.1 1.7 2.1 2.5 1.2
Gross national product (GNP) .................................... 3.0 2.8 ........... 3.6 2.6 3.9 1.5 3.6 2.7 5.1 0 5.2 2.4 .5 2.6 .7 4.0 5.8 ..........
Disposable personal income ....................................... 1.7 3.1 3.0 3.7 2.4 2.9 7.5 3.3 2.5 1.2 6.6 4.9 .2 1.7 6.2 5.4 .8 4.0 .3
Current-dollar measures:
GDP ......................................................................... 6.4 6.1 4.9 6.8 7.4 6.0 5.9 7.1 5.5 8.1 4.8 8.4 6.0 3.4 3.8 4.9 6.6 6.0 3.3
Final sales of domestic product ............................. 6.6 6.1 5.2 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.9 7.5 8.3 3.0 9.0 5.5 3.4 5.2 5.5 6.3 5.1 4.8
Gross domestic purchases ..................................... 6.9 6.1 4.3 8.0 9.2 6.7 7.2 6.3 5.5 9.1 6.3 7.3 6.2 3.8 .9 4.9 6.2 5.1 3.6
Final sales to domestic purchasers ....................... 7.1 6.1 4.6 7.6 8.0 6.8 7.3 6.1 7.4 9.3 4.6 7.9 5.7 3.7 2.1 5.5 6.0 4.3 5.1
GNP ......................................................................... 6.3 6.0 ........... 7.4 6.5 6.3 4.8 7.6 5.4 8.7 3.5 8.8 6.0 2.8 4.3 4.9 6.8 6.9 ..........
Disposable personal income .................................. 4.7 5.9 5.7 7.3 6.3 4.9 10.8 1.2 6.0 3.0 9.6 6.7 4.5 4.4 5.2 9.1 3.4 5.9 3.8
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary esti-
mates for the third quarter of 2007.
See ``Explanatory Note'' at the end of the tables.
Table 2.--Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2005 2006 2007 r 2004 2005 2006 2007
I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV r
Percent change at annual rate:
Gross domestic product ...................................... 3.1 2.9 2.2 3.0 3.5 3.6 2.5 3.1 2.8 4.5 1.2 4.8 2.4 1.1 2.1 0.6 3.8 4.9 0.6
Percentage points at annual rates:
Personal consumption expenditures ...................... 2.24 2.15 2.00 3.12 1.73 2.46 2.93 1.68 2.40 2.82 .84 3.00 1.63 1.88 2.68 2.56 1.00 2.01 1.32
Durable goods ....................................................... .40 .31 .36 .49 .16 .64 .57 .18 .90 .51 1.13 1.23 .07 .43 .30 .67 .14 .35 .18
Motor vehicles and parts ................................... 0 .11 .07 .09 .11 .17 .23 .27 .48 .20 1.57 .48 .04 .16 0 .35 .10 .17 .09
Furniture and household equipment .................. .31 .35 .23 .29 .27 .36 .25 .31 .28 .39 .35 .54 .17 .24 .25 .28 .13 .31 .15
Other ................................................................... .09 .07 .06 .11 0 .10 .09 .13 .14 .08 .09 .22 .06 .04 .05 .04 .11 .20 .06
Nondurable goods ................................................ .72 .74 .48 .92 .31 .62 .97 .71 .74 .50 .93 .91 .47 .64 .86 .61 .10 .46 .28
Food .................................................................... .38 .38 .22 .59 .10 .21 .60 .31 .38 .49 .40 .47 .13 .24 .68 .16 .14 .13 .40
Clothing and shoes ............................................ .17 .13 .12 .31 .13 .15 .23 .18 .27 0 .29 .11 .05 .14 .10 .22 .06 .17 .09
Gasoline, fuel oil, and other energy goods ....... .02 .01 .03 0 .04 .03 0 .05 .11 .11 .06 .02 .02 .05 .15 .06 .12 .02 .01
Other ................................................................... .19 .23 .17 .03 .29 .29 .14 .17 .20 .13 .18 .31 .27 .20 .23 .17 .10 .18 .01
Services .................................................................. 1.12 1.11 1.16 1.71 1.25 1.21 1.39 .79 .76 1.81 1.05 .86 1.10 .81 1.52 1.28 .96 1.20 .86
Housing ............................................................... .33 .28 .25 .35 .25 .29 .31 .36 .36 .36 .30 .30 .23 .18 .20 .26 .29 .27 .34
Household operation .......................................... .08 .03 .11 .13 .06 .06 .15 .04 .02 .33 .22 .40 .17 .16 .13 .04 .05 .23 .07
Electricity and gas ......................................... .04 .05 .08 .04 .05 .05 .15 .03 .04 .29 .21 .42 .14 .17 .07 .03 .02 .21 .06
Other household operation ............................ .03 .02 .03 .08 .11 .12 .01 .01 .02 .04 .01 .02 .03 .01 .07 .01 .03 .02 .01
Transportation ..................................................... .03 .03 .08 .04 .08 .02 .06 .02 .01 .01 .03 .06 .03 .06 .11 .07 .11 .09 .06
Medical care ....................................................... .41 .40 .32 .33 .45 .52 .40 .27 .38 .53 .53 .49 .26 .12 .34 .47 .28 .27 .38
Recreation ........................................................... .06 .09 .11 .21 .12 .09 .03 .09 .03 .06 .08 .07 .02 .19 .30 .06 .03 .10 .02
Other ................................................................... .21 .34 .29 .66 .29 .22 .44 0 0 .53 .32 .34 .45 .11 .44 .39 .19 .24 .03
Gross private domestic investment ....................... .91 .45 .79 .30 3.00 1.26 1.04 .89 .64 1.15 2.13 .78 .13 .70 2.50 1.36 .71 .77 2.02
Fixed investment ................................................... 1.09 .39 .48 .07 1.88 1.41 1.14 .68 1.26 1.28 .38 1.27 .32 .80 1.19 .70 .49 .11 .53
Nonresidential ..................................................... .70 .68 .50 .28 1.00 1.16 1.00 .36 .51 .87 .35 1.31 .44 .53 .15 .22 1.12 .96 .72
Structures ....................................................... .01 .24 .40 .01 .15 .09 0 .06 .04 .17 .12 .39 .45 .31 .23 .20 .78 .52 .48
Equipment and software ................................ .69 .44 .10 .27 .85 1.07 1.01 .30 .55 1.04 .23 .92 .01 .21 .38 .02 .34 .44 .24
Information processing equipment and
software ................................................. .34 .27 .29 .04 .15 .24 .41 .46 .32 .32 .26 .48 .05 .24 .06 .56 .36 .24 .49
Computers and peripheral equipment .17 .12 .12 .16 .04 .19 .24 .13 .19 .11 .23 .06 .11 .09 .03 .25 .08 .08 .20
Software ................................................. .10 .06 .10 .14 0 .11 .17 .07 .14 .02 .05 .08 .03 .05 .04 .14 .16 .07 .16
Other ...................................................... .08 .10 .07 .05 .12 .06 0 .26 .01 .19 .01 .34 .09 .10 .12 .18 .11 .09 .14
Industrial equipment .................................. .09 .05 .02 .14 .09 .19 .06 .15 .12 .23 .11 .08 .17 .04 .08 .04 .19 .10 .17
Transportation equipment .......................... .13 .09 .15 .07 .52 .43 .40 .34 .14 .40 .21 .46 .24 .10 .18 .20 .32 .03 .16
Other equipment ........................................ .12 .04 .06 .10 .09 .20 .13 .04 .21 .09 .07 .06 0 .09 .05 .30 .11 .07 .08
Residential .......................................................... .39 .29 .98 .21 .89 .24 .14 .32 .75 .42 .03 .05 .76 1.33 1.04 .93 .62 1.08 1.25
Change in private inventories ............................. .18 .06 .31 .37 1.12 .14 .11 .21 1.90 .14 1.74 .49 .46 .10 1.31 .65 .22 .89 1.49
Farm .................................................................... .07 0 .04 .28 .37 .32 .14 .25 .13 .12 .01 .04 .23 .10 .25 .04 .05 .01 .08
Nonfarm .............................................................. .11 .06 .35 .08 .75 .18 .03 .46 2.04 .26 1.73 .45 .69 .01 1.56 .69 .27 .87 1.40
Net exports of goods and services ........................ .23 .08 .58 .75 1.50 .42 1.07 .26 .83 .10 1.41 .13 .49 .25 1.25 .51 1.32 1.38 .90
Exports ................................................................... .70 .88 .89 .95 .64 .31 .97 .60 .95 .22 1.07 1.19 .61 .62 1.51 .13 .85 2.10 .57
Goods ................................................................. .53 .73 .62 .49 .48 .42 .49 .40 .92 .14 .87 1.10 .49 .56 .73 .07 .53 1.96 .34
Services .............................................................. .17 .16 .27 .46 .16 .11 .49 .20 .03 .08 .20 .10 .13 .07 .78 .05 .33 .14 .24
Imports ................................................................... .92 .96 .31 1.70 2.14 .73 2.04 .34 .12 .32 2.47 1.07 .12 .88 .26 .63 .47 .72 .32
Goods ................................................................. .86 .83 .23 1.32 1.92 .69 1.78 .43 .13 .32 2.22 .83 .12 .84 .09 .57 .42 .67 .31
Services .............................................................. .06 .13 .08 .37 .21 .05 .26 .09 .01 0 .26 .24 0 .03 .35 .06 .05 .05 .01
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment .................................................. .14 .35 .39 .29 .25 .30 .35 .25 .22 .60 .37 .92 .18 .14 .66 .09 .79 .74 .43
Federal .................................................................... .11 .15 .12 .41 .17 .43 .33 .19 .05 .59 .46 .57 .11 .06 .50 .46 .41 .50 .06
National defense ................................................. .07 .09 .13 .36 .09 .49 .48 .22 .12 .46 .59 .31 .11 .07 .74 .54 .39 .47 .01
Consumption expenditures ............................ .04 .05 .13 .35 .03 .34 .45 .26 .01 .41 .57 .30 .05 0 .60 .40 .35 .39 .06
Gross investment ........................................... .03 .04 .01 .01 .06 .15 .04 .05 .11 .05 .02 .01 .15 .07 .15 .14 .04 .08 .07
Nondefense ......................................................... .03 .06 .01 .06 .08 .06 .15 .02 .07 .13 .13 .27 .22 .14 .24 .08 .02 .03 .07
Consumption expenditures ............................ .01 .05 0 .07 .03 .04 .12 .02 .08 .07 .06 .23 .15 .13 .23 .14 .02 .04 .04
Gross investment ........................................... .02 .02 .01 .02 .05 .03 .03 0 .01 .06 .07 .04 .07 .01 .02 .06 .04 .01 .03
State and local ...................................................... .04 .19 .27 .12 .09 .13 .01 .05 .17 .01 .09 .35 .29 .08 .16 .36 .37 .24 .37
Consumption expenditures ............................ .07 .13 .18 .04 .02 .04 .11 .02 .09 .12 .09 .15 .11 .18 .19 .20 .19 .13 .21
Gross investment ........................................... .03 .06 .09 .08 .07 .17 .12 .03 .08 .11 0 .20 .18 .10 .03 .17 .18 .11 .16
Addenda:
Goods ...................................................................... 1.36 1.53 1.04 .68 1.10 2.06 1.18 1.32 1.23 1.83 .49 2.95 1.45 1.06 .36 .06 1.65 3.48 .18
Services ................................................................... 1.36 1.36 1.66 2.17 1.27 1.40 1.41 1.34 .82 2.50 .56 1.39 1.15 1.15 2.50 1.21 1.85 1.86 1.42
Structures ................................................................ .35 .01 .50 .10 1.11 .14 .03 .42 .76 .14 .14 .48 .16 1.14 .77 .68 .32 .43 .61
Motor vehicle output ............................................... .14 .04 .07 .29 .21 .87 .34 .18 .16 .92 1.21 .51 .37 .44 .74 .18 .03 .36 .85
Final sales of computers ........................................ .22 .13 .13 .28 .04 .13 .29 .24 .31 .15 .22 .05 .13 .03 .16 .01 .21 .28 .16
r Revised
See ``Explanatory Note'' at the end of the tables.
Table 3.--Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Level and Change From Preceding Period
Billions of current dollars Billions of chained (2000) dollars
Seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change from preceding
at annual rates at annual rates period
2007 r 2006 2007 2007 r 2006 2007 2007
2007 r
IV I II III IV r IV I II III IV r III IV r
Gross domestic product .......................... 13,843.8 13,392.3 13,551.9 13,768.8 13,970.5 14,084.1 11,567.2 11,395.5 11,412.6 11,520.1 11,658.9 11,677.1 247.8 138.8 18.2
Personal consumption expenditures ................... 9,732.7 9,373.7 9,540.5 9,674.0 9,785.7 9,930.7 8,275.9 8,141.2 8,215.7 8,244.3 8,302.2 8,341.3 231.8 57.9 39.1
Durable goods .................................................... 1,078.4 1,056.5 1,074.0 1,074.7 1,081.6 1,083.3 1,235.6 1,197.6 1,223.2 1,228.4 1,241.9 1,249.0 55.1 13.5 7.1
Motor vehicles and parts ................................. 441.2 434.8 444.5 441.5 437.5 441.3 446.9 439.6 451.5 448.2 442.3 445.5 9.6 5.9 3.2
Furniture and household equipment ............... 416.2 409.0 414.2 414.5 418.6 417.6 593.8 566.9 579.9 585.9 601.0 608.4 42.9 15.1 7.4
Other ................................................................ 221.0 212.8 215.3 218.8 225.6 224.3 222.3 215.2 216.6 220.2 227.2 225.1 8.4 7.0 2.1
Nondurable goods ............................................. 2,833.5 2,705.4 2,759.4 2,822.7 2,846.3 2,905.7 2,393.1 2,368.8 2,386.6 2,383.8 2,396.8 2,405.1 55.4 13.0 8.3
Food ................................................................. 1,336.4 1,291.7 1,312.2 1,322.7 1,342.4 1,368.4 1,117.0 1,110.7 1,115.3 1,111.4 1,115.0 1,126.5 25.2 3.6 11.5
Clothing and shoes ......................................... 370.5 363.2 371.1 368.4 372.4 370.3 409.1 397.0 405.1 407.5 413.7 410.2 18.0 6.2 3.5
Gasoline, fuel oil, and other energy goods .... 364.4 306.3 320.9 373.6 365.9 397.4 196.3 197.0 198.2 195.9 195.6 195.4 2.3 .3 .2
Other ................................................................ 762.1 744.3 755.1 758.1 765.6 769.7 686.6 676.5 681.7 684.7 690.2 689.8 20.4 5.5 .4
Services ............................................................... 5,820.8 5,611.8 5,707.1 5,776.5 5,857.8 5,941.7 4,672.6 4,595.5 4,630.7 4,656.7 4,689.5 4,713.6 127.1 32.8 24.1
Housing ............................................................ 1,466.0 1,413.9 1,435.1 1,455.4 1,474.9 1,498.4 1,175.6 1,156.6 1,163.7 1,171.6 1,178.9 1,188.3 27.3 7.3 9.4
Household operation ........................................ 529.7 509.7 520.0 526.2 533.3 539.5 424.9 419.1 420.1 421.6 427.9 429.9 12.0 6.3 2.0
Electricity and gas ....................................... 225.8 212.7 220.6 223.5 227.3 231.6 156.3 152.5 153.1 153.6 158.5 160.0 7.8 4.9 1.5
Other household operation ......................... 304.0 297.0 299.4 302.7 305.9 307.9 268.3 266.8 267.1 268.1 268.8 269.1 3.2 .7 .3
Transportation .................................................. 358.3 346.8 349.6 355.1 362.5 366.2 300.1 294.1 296.0 299.2 301.7 303.5 8.9 2.5 1.8
Medical care .................................................... 1,687.7 1,617.9 1,656.9 1,674.6 1,695.0 1,724.4 1,335.1 1,310.5 1,323.2 1,330.8 1,338.0 1,348.3 34.8 7.2 10.3
Recreation ........................................................ 402.0 392.8 395.3 400.2 404.6 407.9 333.8 330.3 332.0 332.7 335.6 335.0 12.5 2.9 .6
Other ................................................................ 1,377.0 1,330.7 1,350.1 1,365.0 1,387.5 1,405.3 1,101.5 1,083.5 1,094.1 1,099.3 1,105.8 1,106.8 31.6 6.5 1.0
Gross private domestic investment ..................... 2,129.1 2,152.4 2,117.3 2,139.1 2,162.9 2,096.9 1,828.3 1,856.2 1,816.9 1,837.4 1,859.9 1,799.1 91.2 22.5 60.8
Fixed investment ................................................ 2,123.5 2,132.4 2,118.9 2,133.9 2,127.5 2,113.7 1,820.1 1,835.5 1,815.2 1,829.3 1,826.0 1,809.9 54.6 3.3 16.1
Nonresidential .................................................. 1,482.7 1,417.1 1,431.4 1,469.1 1,500.1 1,530.0 1,369.0 1,314.8 1,321.7 1,356.6 1,387.3 1,410.5 62.2 30.7 23.2
Structures .................................................... 472.9 428.4 439.6 464.5 483.1 504.6 303.8 278.3 282.6 299.5 311.1 321.9 35.2 11.6 10.8
Equipment and software ............................. 1,009.7 988.7 991.8 1,004.5 1,017.1 1,025.4 1,064.6 1,044.4 1,045.3 1,057.4 1,073.5 1,082.2 14.0 16.1 8.7
Information processing equipment and
software .............................................. 511.5 480.5 497.6 507.7 512.6 528.1 645.3 599.6 623.3 638.5 648.7 670.6 49.4 10.2 21.9
Computers and peripheral equipment 97.3 90.4 96.6 96.6 95.7 100.2 .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............
Software .............................................. 217.4 205.9 210.5 216.1 218.5 224.5 226.9 215.1 219.9 225.6 228.0 233.9 13.9 2.4 5.9
Other ................................................... 196.8 184.3 190.5 195.0 198.4 203.4 215.3 202.6 209.2 213.4 216.8 222.0 10.5 3.4 5.2
Industrial equipment ................................ 175.2 167.5 168.1 176.0 180.6 175.9 151.7 148.4 147.3 152.9 156.0 150.8 2.1 3.1 5.2
Transportation equipment ....................... 154.3 168.0 162.9 153.3 153.3 147.5 136.9 150.9 144.8 135.3 136.3 131.1 18.3 1.0 5.2
Other equipment ..................................... 168.8 172.7 163.2 167.5 170.5 173.8 148.9 153.7 144.8 148.0 150.2 152.7 7.3 2.2 2.5
Residential ....................................................... 640.8 715.3 687.5 664.8 627.3 583.7 472.8 529.4 506.3 490.7 463.3 430.8 96.7 27.4 32.5
Change in private inventories .......................... 5.6 20.0 1.6 5.1 35.4 16.8 6.6 17.4 .1 5.8 30.6 10.1 33.7 24.8 40.7
Farm ................................................................. 3.5 4.7 5.5 4.0 3.8 .6 3.8 3.8 5.0 3.6 4.1 2.3 4.7 .5 1.8
Nonfarm ........................................................... 2.1 15.3 7.0 1.1 31.6 17.3 2.0 13.6 5.8 1.3 26.0 13.4 39.7 24.7 39.4
Net exports of goods and services ..................... 708.6 705.3 714.2 714.2 694.7 711.3 556.5 597.3 612.1 573.9 533.1 506.8 68.0 40.8 26.3
Exports ................................................................ 1,641.4 1,531.9 1,549.9 1,598.7 1,685.7 1,731.4 1,408.4 1,350.9 1,354.7 1,379.5 1,441.2 1,458.2 104.3 61.7 17.0
Goods ............................................................... 1,153.1 1,072.3 1,084.0 1,115.2 1,191.3 1,221.7 1,000.9 955.4 957.6 973.1 1,031.4 1,041.6 73.5 58.3 10.2
Services ........................................................... 488.4 459.6 465.9 483.5 494.4 509.7 407.8 395.6 397.2 406.4 410.4 417.2 30.7 4.0 6.8
Imports ................................................................ 2,350.0 2,237.2 2,264.0 2,312.9 2,380.4 2,442.7 1,964.9 1,948.2 1,966.8 1,953.4 1,974.3 1,965.0 36.3 20.9 9.3
Goods ............................................................... 1,979.8 1,879.9 1,902.7 1,947.2 2,007.3 2,062.0 1,674.1 1,658.7 1,675.6 1,663.4 1,683.2 1,674.1 27.2 19.8 9.1
Services ........................................................... 370.2 357.3 361.4 365.7 373.2 380.6 292.7 291.4 293.1 291.9 293.1 292.9 8.9 1.2 .2
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment ............................................... 2,690.6 2,571.4 2,608.3 2,670.0 2,716.5 2,767.8 2,022.0 1,997.2 1,994.7 2,014.8 2,033.6 2,044.7 40.6 18.8 11.1
Federal ................................................................. 976.2 949.7 946.6 969.5 990.3 998.4 755.2 752.3 740.2 751.0 764.0 765.6 12.9 13.0 1.6
National defense .............................................. 660.2 645.2 634.8 654.5 673.5 678.0 505.2 505.8 491.6 501.7 513.9 513.5 13.7 12.2 .4
Consumption expenditures .......................... 578.9 561.5 555.7 573.8 589.6 596.5 429.3 427.7 417.4 426.2 436.0 437.6 12.7 9.8 1.6
Gross investment ........................................ 81.3 83.7 79.1 80.7 83.9 81.5 77.3 80.1 75.6 77.0 79.6 77.1 .7 2.6 2.5
Nondefense ...................................................... 316.0 304.5 311.7 315.0 316.8 320.4 249.7 246.1 248.4 248.9 249.6 251.7 1.0 .7 2.1
Consumption expenditures .......................... 277.1 264.9 274.0 276.0 278.1 280.4 212.9 208.8 212.5 212.0 213.1 214.2 .3 1.1 1.1
Gross investment ........................................ 38.8 39.6 37.7 39.1 38.6 39.9 36.9 37.8 35.9 37.2 36.8 37.9 1.6 .4 1.1
State and local ................................................... 1,714.5 1,621.7 1,661.7 1,700.5 1,726.2 1,769.4 1,266.6 1,244.9 1,254.2 1,263.5 1,269.6 1,279.0 27.6 6.1 9.4
Consumption expenditures .......................... 1,366.2 1,300.8 1,326.7 1,355.9 1,374.3 1,407.8 1,009.2 997.5 1,002.5 1,007.4 1,010.7 1,016.0 18.3 3.3 5.3
Gross investment ........................................ 348.3 320.9 335.0 344.5 351.9 361.6 257.3 247.3 251.5 256.0 258.8 262.8 9.3 2.8 4.0
Residual .................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 145.5 108.2 130.7 136.3 149.4 165.6 .............. .............. ..............
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product .......................... 13,838.3 13,372.3 13,553.5 13,763.6 13,935.0 14,100.9 11,559.7 11,375.8 11,411.6 11,512.8 11,626.4 11,688.0 283.8 113.6 61.6
Gross domestic purchases .................................. 14,552.4 14,097.6 14,266.1 14,483.0 14,665.1 14,795.4 12,119.1 11,987.1 12,018.7 12,088.9 12,188.3 12,180.4 182.0 99.4 7.9
Final sales to domestic purchasers .................... 14,546.9 14,077.6 14,267.7 14,477.9 14,629.7 14,812.2 12,111.3 11,967.3 12,017.4 12,081.4 12,155.6 12,190.9 217.9 74.2 35.3
Gross domestic product ................................... 13,843.8 13,392.3 13,551.9 13,768.8 13,970.5 14,084.1 11,567.2 11,395.5 11,412.6 11,520.1 11,658.9 11,677.1 247.8 138.8 18.2
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world .............. 733.8 752.2 814.2 855.6 .............. .............. 628.3 638.2 684.3 716.3 .............. .............. 32.0 ..............
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world .............. 673.7 689.0 743.5 754.4 .............. .............. 575.1 583.2 623.5 629.6 .............. .............. 6.1 ..............
Equals: Gross national product ....................... .............. 13,452.4 13,615.1 13,839.4 14,071.6 .............. .............. 11,447.8 11,466.7 11,580.0 11,744.6 .............. .............. 164.6 ..............
Net domestic product ........................................... 12,157.0 11,737.9 11,881.0 12,085.4 12,279.6 12,382.1 10,080.3 9,928.3 9,937.7 10,037.2 10,167.8 10,178.7 207.5 130.6 10.9
r Revised
NOTE.--Users are cautioned that particularly for components that exhibit rapid change in prices relative to other
prices in the economy, the chained-dollar estimates should not be used to measure the component's relative impor-
tance or its contribution to the growth rate of more aggregate series. For accurate estimates of the contributions
to percent changes in real gross domestic product, use table 2.
See ``Explanatory Note'' at the end of the tables.
Table 4.--Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2005 2006 2007 r 2004 2005 2006 2007
I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV r
Gross domestic product (GDP) ................. 3.2 3.2 2.7 3.7 3.8 2.3 3.2 3.9 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 2.4 1.7 4.2 2.6 1.0 2.7
Personal consumption expenditures .......................... 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.5 3.8 2.0 3.0 2.2 3.4 4.3 2.8 1.7 4.3 2.6 .9 3.5 4.3 1.8 4.1
Durable goods ............................................................. .7 1.3 1.8 .5 .3 2.5 .2 .1 .4 2.8 1.1 1.0 .7 1.3 2.7 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.7
Nondurable goods ....................................................... 3.7 3.1 3.0 5.3 6.2 1.4 4.7 .3 5.0 9.5 .8 .3 8.6 2.8 7.9 5.0 10.0 1.1 7.1
Services ....................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 4.6 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.8 2.6 2.8 3.7
Gross private domestic investment ............................ 4.2 3.5 1.2 4.1 4.7 3.9 3.9 5.2 2.8 4.0 5.8 4.0 2.5 1.6 2.2 2.0 .4 .3 1.1
Fixed investment ......................................................... 4.3 3.5 1.1 4.1 4.7 3.9 3.9 5.3 2.9 4.2 6.0 3.9 2.4 1.5 2.0 1.9 .3 .5 .9
Nonresidential ......................................................... 2.9 3.1 1.3 1.1 2.4 1.3 2.5 4.5 2.4 1.6 4.6 3.9 2.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 0 .6 1.2
Structures ............................................................ 11.7 11.7 3.3 6.8 7.6 10.1 12.0 12.8 8.7 13.8 17.6 13.0 10.7 5.6 4.6 4.1 1.1 .5 3.8
Equipment and software .................................... .1 0 .4 .8 .7 1.7 .6 1.8 .3 2.5 .2 .6 .2 .4 .8 1.0 .5 1.1 0
Residential ............................................................... 6.7 4.4 .9 9.8 8.8 8.5 6.2 6.6 3.6 8.7 8.5 3.9 1.8 .8 2.1 2.0 .8 .3 .2
Change in private inventories ..................................... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Net exports of goods and services ............................ .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Exports ......................................................................... 3.6 3.4 3.5 5.5 4.8 1.9 4.2 4.6 3.6 2.5 3.0 2.7 6.0 4.6 .8 3.6 5.3 3.8 6.2
Goods ...................................................................... 3.1 3.3 3.6 6.3 5.2 1.0 3.6 4.3 3.0 1.3 2.3 3.0 6.3 5.2 .1 3.5 5.1 3.2 6.3
Services ................................................................... 4.9 3.7 3.3 3.9 3.8 3.8 5.5 5.0 4.9 5.2 4.8 2.2 5.5 3.3 2.7 3.9 5.8 5.1 5.8
Imports ......................................................................... 6.3 4.0 3.5 9.2 7.3 5.3 6.9 2.2 9.7 10.3 4.3 1.5 10.1 4.7 9.4 1.0 11.9 7.5 13.0
Goods ...................................................................... 6.5 4.2 3.6 10.0 7.9 5.0 7.0 2.0 10.1 10.9 4.9 1.9 10.4 5.3 10.1 .7 13.0 7.7 13.8
Services ................................................................... 5.6 3.1 2.8 4.9 4.7 6.7 6.0 3.5 7.7 7.5 1.3 .5 8.4 1.4 5.3 2.3 6.7 6.5 8.6
Government consumption expenditures and gross
investment .................................................................. 5.8 4.9 4.5 7.2 5.0 4.8 5.7 7.5 4.6 6.4 5.0 5.1 5.7 3.0 2.1 6.4 5.5 3.2 5.4
Federal ......................................................................... 4.8 3.9 2.9 11.6 5.5 2.5 2.6 11.5 2.3 3.4 .8 9.1 4.0 1.3 .5 5.3 3.8 1.6 2.4
National defense ..................................................... 5.3 4.1 2.9 10.6 5.6 2.9 3.1 12.2 2.5 3.5 1.3 9.3 4.2 1.6 .1 5.0 4.1 1.9 3.0
Nondefense ............................................................. 4.0 3.5 2.9 13.8 5.2 1.4 1.7 10.1 1.8 3.2 .2 8.9 3.5 .7 1.7 5.9 3.3 1.1 1.3
State and local ............................................................ 6.4 5.4 5.4 4.6 4.7 6.2 7.6 5.2 6.1 8.1 7.6 2.7 6.7 4.0 3.1 7.0 6.5 4.2 7.2
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product ................................. 3.2 3.2 2.7 3.7 3.8 2.3 3.2 3.9 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 2.3 1.7 4.2 2.7 1.0 2.7
Gross domestic purchases ......................................... 3.7 3.3 2.7 4.3 4.2 2.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 4.6 3.7 2.7 4.2 2.5 .1 3.8 3.8 1.8 3.9
Final sales to domestic purchasers ............................ 3.7 3.3 2.7 4.3 4.2 2.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 4.6 3.7 2.7 4.2 2.5 .1 3.8 3.8 1.7 3.9
Gross national product (GNP) .................................... 3.2 3.1 ........... 3.7 3.8 2.3 3.2 3.9 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 2.4 1.7 4.2 2.6 1.0 ..........
Implicit price deflators:
GDP ......................................................................... 3.2 3.2 2.7 3.7 3.8 2.3 3.2 3.9 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 2.4 1.7 4.2 2.6 1.0 2.7
Gross domestic purchases ..................................... 3.6 3.3 2.7 4.3 4.2 2.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.6 3.7 2.7 4.2 2.5 .1 3.8 3.8 1.7 3.9
GNP ......................................................................... 3.2 3.2 ........... 3.7 3.8 2.3 3.2 3.9 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 2.4 1.7 4.2 2.6 1.0 ..........
r Revised
See ``Explanatory Note'' at the end of the tables.
Table 5.--Real Gross Domestic Product, Quantity Indexes
[Index numbers, 2000=100]
Seasonally adjusted
2005 2006 2007 r 2006