Information about http://www.ismp.org/Tools/DoNotCrush.pdf

Oral Dosage Forms That Should Not Be Crushed …

Tags: accutane, aciphex, actonel, adalat cc, adderall, adderall xr, aerohist, afeditab cr, aggrenox, alavert, alendronate, allegra d, alprazolam, delivery system, dissolution, irritant, oral dosage, pharm d, release capsule, wall charts,
Pages: 17
Language: english
Created: Fri May 30 11:43:17 2008
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                      Oral Dosage Forms That Should Not Be Crushed


                                John F. Mitchell, Pharm.D., FASHP1

                                      Last updated: June 1, 2008

                                Wall charts may be purchased by contacting
                                 Facts and Comparisons (800-223-0554)
                          http://www.factsandcomparisons.com/hospitalpharm/




Drug Product                     Dosage Form           Reasons/Comments 2


Accutane                         Capsule              Mucous membrane irritant

Aciphex                          Tablet               Slow-release

Actiq                            Lozenge              Slow-release
                                                      Note: this lollipop delivery system requires
                                                      the patient to slowly allow dissolution

Actonel                          Tablet               Irritant
                                                      Note: chewed, crushed, or sucked tablets
                                                      May cause oropharyngeal irritation

Adalat CC                        Tablet               Slow-release

Adderall XR                      Capsule              Slow-release (a)

AeroHist Plus                    Tablet               Slow-release (h)

Afeditab CR                      Tablet               Slow-release

Aggrenox                         Capsule              Slow-release

Alavert Allergy Sinus 12 Hour    Tablet               Slow-release

Alendronate                      Tablet               Slow-release

Allegra-D                        Tablet               Slow-release

Allfen Jr                        Tablet               Slow-release
                                 Capsule              Slow-release (a)

Alpophen                         Tablet               Enteric-coated
Alprazolam ER            Tablet    Slow-release

Altoprev                 Tablet    Slow-release

Ambien CR                Tablet    Slow-release

Amitiza                  Capsule   Slow-release

Amrix                    Capsule   Slow-release

Aplenzin                 Tablet    Slow-release

Aptivus                  Capsule   Note: oil emulsion within spheres; taste

Aquatab C                Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Aquatab D                Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Arthrotec                Tablet    Enteric-coated

Asacol                   Tablet    Slow-release

Ascriptin A/D            Tablet    Enteric coated

Azulfidine EN-tabs       Tablet    Enteric-coated

Augmentin XR             Tablet    Slow-release (b,h)

Avinza                   Capsule   Slow-release (a; not pudding)

Avodart                  Capsule   Note: drug may cause fetal abnormalities;
                                   women who are, or may become,
                                   pregnant, should not handle capsules; all
                                   woman should use caution in handling
                                   capsules, especially leaking capsules

Bayer Enteric-coated     Caplet    Enteric-coated

Bayer Low Adult          Tablet    Enteric-coated

Bayer Regular Strength   Caplet    Enteric-coated

Bellahist-D LA           Tablet    Slow-release

Biaxin-XL                Tablet    Slow-release

Bidhist                  Tablet    Slow-release

Bidhist-D                Tablet    Slow-release
Biltricide                  Tablet            Taste (h)

Biohist LA                  Tablet            Slow-release (h)

Bisac-Evac                  Tablet            Enteric-coated (c)

Bisacodyl                   Tablet            Enteric-coated (c)

Bisa-Lax                    Tablet            Enteric-coated (c)

Boniva                      Tablet            Irritant: do not chew or suck
                                              Note: Potential for oropharyngeal ulceration

Bromfed PD                  Capsule           Slow-release

Budeprion SR                Tablet            Slow-release

Calan SR                    Tablet            Slow-release (h)

Carbatrol                   Capsule           Slow-release (a)

Cardene SR                  Capsule           Slow-release

Cardizem                    Tablet            Note: although not described as slow release
                                              in the PI, the drug has a coating that is
                                              intended to release the drug over a period of
                                              approximately 3 hours

Cardizem CD                 Capsule           Slow-release

Cardizem LA                 Tablet            Slow-release

Cardura XL                  Tablet            Slow-release

Cartia XT                   Capsule           Slow-release

Cefaclor Extended-Release   Tablet            Slow-release

Ceftin                      Tablet            Taste (b)
                                              Note: use suspension for children

Cefuroxime                  Tablet            Taste (b)
                                              Note: use suspension for children

CellCept                    Capsule, Tablet   Teratogenic potential (i)

Charcoal Plus               Tablet            Enteric-coated

Chlor-Trimeton 12-Hour      Tablet            Slow-release (b)
Cipro XR             Tablet    Slow-release

Claritin-D 12 Hour   Tablet    Slow-release

Claritin-D 24 Hour   Tablet    Slow-release

Colace               Capsule   Taste (e)

Colestid             Tablet    Slow-release

Concerta             Tablet    Slow-release

Commit               Lozenge   Note: integrity compromised by chewing or
                               crushing

Cotazym-S            Capsule   Enteric-coated (a)

Covera-HS            Tablet    Slow-release

Creon 5, 10, 20      Capsule   Slow-release (a)

Crixivan             Capsule   Taste
                               Note: capsule may be opened and mixed
                               with fruit puree (e.g., banana)

Cymbalta             Capsule   Slow-release (a); may add to apple juice

Cytoxan              Tablet    Note: drug may be crushed but company
                               recommends using injection

Cytovene             Capsule   Skin irritant

Dallergy             Tablet    Slow-release (b, h)

Dallergy - JR        Capsule   Slow-release

Deconamine SR        Capsule   Slow-release (b)

Depakene             Capsule   Slow-release mucous membrane irritant (b)

Depakote             Tablet    Slow-release

Depakote ER          Tablet    Slow-release

Detrol LA            Capsule   Slow-release

Dilacor XR           Capsule   Slow-release

Dilatrate-SR         Capsule   Slow-release
Dilt-CD                  Capsule   Slow-release

Dilt-XR                  Capsule   Slow-release

Diltia XT                Capsule   Slow-release

Ditropan XL              Tablet    Slow-release

Doxidan                  Tablet    Enteric-coated (c)

DriHist SR               Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Drisdol                  Capsule   Liquid filled (d)

Drixoral Allergy Sinus   Tablet    Slow-release

Drixoral Cold/Allergy    Tablet    Slow-release

Drixoral Nondrowsy       Tablet    Slow-release

Droxia                   Capsule   NOTE: exposure to the powder may cause
                                   serious skin toxicities; healthcare workers
                                   should wear gloves to administer

Drysec                   Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Dulcolax                 Tablet    Enteric-coated (c)

Dulcolax                 Capsule   Liquid-filled

DuraHist                 Tablet    Slow-release (h)

DuraHist D               Tablet    Slow-release (h)

DynaCirc CR              Tablet    Slow-release

Duraphen II DM           Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Duraphen Forte           Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Duratuss                 Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Duratuss A               Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Duratuss PE              Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Dynex                    Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Easprin                  Tablet    Enteric-coated
EC-Naprosyn                    Tablet    Enteric-coated


Ecotrin Adult Low              Tablet    Enteric-coated
 Strength

Ecotrin Maximum                Tablet    Enteric-coated
 Strength

Ecotrin Regular                Tablet    Enteric-coated
 Strength

Ed A-Hist                      Tablet    Slow-release (b)

E.E.S. 400                     Tablet    Enteric-coated (b)

Effer-K                        Tablet    Effervescent tablet (f)

Effervescent Potassium         Tablet    Effervescent tablet (f)

Effexor XR                     Capsule   Slow-release

Efidac/24 Pseudoephedrine      Tablet    Slow-release

Efidac/24                      Tablet    Slow-release

E-Mycin                        Tablet    Enteric-coated

Enablex                        Tablet    Slow-release

Entex LA                       Capsule   Slow-release (b)

Entex PSE                      Capsule   Slow-release
Entocort EC                    Capsule   Enteric-coated (a)

Equetro                        Capsule   Slow-release (a)

Ergomar                        Tablet    Sublingual form (g)

Ery-Tab                        Tablet    Enteric-coated

Erythrocin Stearate            Tablet    Enteric-coated

Erythromycin Base              Tablet    Enteric-coated

Erythromycin Delayed-Release   Capsule   Enteric-coated Pellets (a)

Evista                         Tablet    Taste; teratogenic potential (i)
ExeFen PD                     Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Extendryl JR                  Capsule   Slow-release

Extendryl SR                  Capsule   Slow-release (b)

Feen-a-mint                   Tablet    Enteric-coated (c)

Feldene                       Capsule   Mucous membrane irritant

Fentora                       Tablet    Note: buccal tablet; swallow whole

Feosol                        Tablet    Enteric-coated (b)

Feratab                       Tablet    Enteric-coated (b)

Fergon                        Tablet    Enteric-coated

Fero-Grad 500 mg              Tablet    Slow-release

Ferro-Sequels                 Tablet    Slow-release

Flagyl ER                     Tablet    Slow-release.

Fleet Laxative                Tablet    Enteric-coated (c)

Flomax                        Capsule   Slow-release

Focalin XR                    Capsule   Slow-release (a)

Fosamax                       Tablet    Mucous membrane irritant

Gleevec                       Tablet    Taste (h)
                                        Note: may be dissolved in water or apple juice

Glipizide                     Tablet    Slow-release

Glucophage XR                 Tablet    Slow-release

Glucotrol XL                  Tablet    Slow-release

Glumetza                      Tablet    Slow-release

Guaifed                       Capsule   Slow-release

Guaifed-PD                    Capsule   Slow-release

Guaifenesin/Pseudoephedrine   Tablet    Slow-release
Guaifenex DM           Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Guaifenex GP           Tablet    Slow-release

Guaifenex PSE          Tablet    Slow-release (h)

GuaiMAX-D              Tablet    Slow-release.

Halfprin 81            Tablet    Enteric-coated

Heartline              Tablet    Enteric-coated

H 9600 SR              Tablet    Slow-release

Hista-Vent DA          Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Hydrea                 Capsule   NOTE: exposure to the powder may cause
                                 serious skin toxicities; healthcare workers
                                 should wear gloves to administer

Imdur                  Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Inderal LA             Capsule   Slow-release

Indocin SR             Capsule   Slow-release (a,b)

Innopran XL            Capsule   Slow-release

Intelence              Tablet    Note: tablet should be swallowed whole and
                                 not crushed; tablet may be dispersed in water

Invega                 Tablet    Slow-release

Isochron               Tablet    Slow-release

Isoptin SR             Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Isordil Sublingual     Tablet    Sublingual form (g)

Isosorbide Dinitrate   Tablet    Sublingual form (g)
  Sublingual

Isosorbide SR          Tablet    Slow-release

Kadian                 Capsule   Slow-release (a)
                                 Note: do give via N/G tubes

Kaletra                Tablet    Film-coated
Kaon CL-10             Tablet    Slow-release (b)

Keppra                 Tablet    Taste
                                 Note: some extemporaneous formulas are
                                 Pharmacy prepared

Ketek                  Tablet    Slow-release (b)

Klor-Con               Tablet    Slow-release (b)

Klor-Con M             Tablet    Slow-release (b, h)

Klotrix                Tablet    Slow-release

K-Lyte                 Tablet    Effervescent tablet (f)

K-Lyte CL              Tablet    Effervescent tablet (f)

K-Lyte DS              Tablet    Effervescent tablet (f)

K-Tab                  Tablet    Slow-release (b)

Lescol XL              Tablet    Slow-release

Levbid                 Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Levsinex Timecaps      Capsule   Slow-release

Lexxel                 Tablet    Slow-release

Lialda                 Tablet    Slow-release

Lipram 4500            Capsule   Enteric-coated (a)

Lipram PN 10, 16, 20   Capsule   Enteric-coated, slow-release (a)

Lipram UL 12, 18, 20   Capsule   Enteric-coated, slow-release (a)

Liquibid-D 1200        Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Liquibid-PD            Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Lithobid               Tablet    Slow-release

Lodrane 24             Capsule   Slow-release

Lodrane 24D            Capsule   Slow-release

LoHist 12 Hour         Tablet    Slow-release
Luvox CR             Capsule   Slow-release

Maxifed DM           Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Maxifed DMX          Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Maxiphen DM          Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Medent-DM            Tablet    Slow-release

Mestinon Timespan    Tablet    Slow-release (b)

Metadate ER          Tablet    Slow-release

Metadate CD          Capsule   Slow-release (a)

Methylin ER          Tablet    Slow-release

Metoprolol ER        Tablet    Slow-release

Micro K Extendcaps   Capsule   Slow-release (a,b)

Miraphen PSE         Tablet    Slow-release

Modane               Tablet    Enteric-coated (c)

Morphine sulfate     Tablet    Slow-release
 extended-release

Motrin               Tablet    Taste (e)

Moxatab              Tablet    Slow-release

MS Contin            Tablet    Slow-release (b)

Mucinex              Tablet    Slow-release

Mucinex DM           Tablet    Slow-release

Muco-Fen-DM          Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Myfortic             Tablet    Slow-release

Naprelan             Tablet    Slow-release

Nasatab LA           Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Nexium               Capsule   Slow-release (a)
Niaspan                       Tablet            Slow-release

Nicotinic Acid                Capsule, Tablet   Slow-release (h)

Nifediac CC                   Tablet            Slow-release

Nifedical XL                  Tablet            Slow-release

Nifedipine extended-release   Tablet            Slow-release

NitroQuick                    Tablet            Sublingual route (g)

Nitrostat                     Tablet            Sublingual route (g)

Norpace CR                    Capsule           Slow-release form within a special capsule

Ondrox                        Tablet            Slow-release

Opana ER                      Tablet            Slow-release
                                                Note: tablet disruption may cause a potentially
                                                fatal overdose of oxymorphone

Oracea                        Capsule           Slow-release

Oramorph SR                   Tablet            Slow-release (b)

OxyContin                     Tablet            Slow-release
                                                Note: tablet disruption may cause a potentially
                                                fatal overdose of oxycodone

Palcaps (all)                 Capsule           Enteric-coated (a)

Pancrease MT                  Capsule           Enteric-coated (a)

Pancrecarb MS                 Capsule           Enteric-coated (a)

Pancrelipase                  Capsule           Enteric-coated (a)

Panocaps                      Capsule           Enteric-coated (a)

Panocaps MT                   Capsule           Enteric-coated (a)

Paxil CR                      Tablet            Slow-release

Pentasa                       Capsule           Slow-release

PhenaVent D                   Tablet            Slow-release (h)

PhenaVent LA                  Capsule           Slow-release
Plendil               Tablet       Slow-release

Pre-Hist-D            Tablet       Slow-release (h)

Prevacid              Capsule      Slow-release


Prevacid SoluTab      Tablet       Orally disintegrating
                                   Note: do not swallow; dissolve in water only
                                   and dispense via dosing syringe or NG tube

Prevacid Suspension   Suspension   Slow-release
                                   Note: contains enteric-coated granules; mix
                                   with water only; not for use in NG tubes

Prilosec              Capsule      Slow-release

Prilosec OTC          Tablet       Slow-release

Pristiq               Tablet       Slow-release

Procardia XL          Tablet       Slow-release

Profen II             Tablet       Slow-release (h)

Profen II DM          Tablet       Slow-release (h)

Profen Forte          Tablet       Slow-release (h)

Profen Forte DM       Tablet       Slow-release (h)

Propecia              Tablet       Note: women who are, or may become,
                                   pregnant, should not handle crushed or broken
                                   tablets

Proquin XR            Tablet       Slow-release

Proscar               Tablet       Note: women who are, or may become,
                                   pregnant, should not handle crushed or broken
                                   tablets

Protonix              Tablet       Slow-release

Prozac Weekly         Tablet       Enteric-coated

Pseudo CM TR          Tablet       Slow-release (h)

Pseudovent            Capsule      Slow-release (a)
Pseudovent 400    Capsule   Slow-release (a)

Pseudovent DM     Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Pseudovent-PED    Capsule   Slow-release (a)

Pytest            Capsule   Note: radiopharmaceutical

QDALL             Capsule   Slow-release

QDALL AR          Capsule   Slow-release

Ralix             Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Ranexa            Tablet    Slow-release

Razadyne ER       Capsule   Slow-release

Renagel           Tablet    Note: tablets expand in liquid if broken or
                            crushed

Rescon            Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Rescon JR         Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Rescon MX         Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Respa-1st         Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Respa-DM          Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Respahist         Capsule   Slow-release (a)

Respaire 120 SR   Capsule   Slow-release

Respaire 60 SR    Capsule   Slow-release

Resperdal M-Tab   Tablet    Orally disintegrating
                            Note: do not chew or break tablet; after
                            dissolving under tongue, tablet may be
                            swallowed

Revlimid          Capsule   Note: Teratogenic potential; healthcare
                            workers should avoid contact with
                            capsule contents/body fluids

Ritalin LA        Capsule   Slow-release (a)

Ritalin SR        Tablet    Slow-release
R-Tanna           Tablet    Slow-release

Rythmol SR        Capsule   Slow-release

Santura XL        Capsule   Slow-release
                            Note: capsule may be opened and pellets
                            mixed in water or placed on tongue and
                            swallowed; do NOT crush or chew pellets

Seroquel XR       Tablet    Slow-release

Simcor            Tablet    Slow-release

Sinemet CR        Tablet    Slow-release (h)

SINUvent PE       Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Slo-Niacin        Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Solodyn           Tablet    Slow-release

Somnote           Capsule   Liquid filled

Sprycel           Tablet    film-coated
                            Note: active ingredients are surrounded by a
                            wax matrix to prevent healthcare exposure;
                            women who are, or may become, pregnant,
                            should not handle crushed or broken
                            tablets

Stahist           Tablet    Slow-release

Strattera         Capsule   Note: capsule contents can cause ocular
                            irritation

Sudafed 12 hour   Capsule   Slow-release (b)

Sudafed 24 hour   Capsule   Slow-release (b)

Sular             Tablet    Slow-release

Symax Duotab      Tablet    Slow-release

Symax SR          Tablet    Slow-release

Taztia XT         Capsule   Slow-release (a)

Tegretol-XR       Tablet    Slow-release
Temodar             Capsule   Note: If capsules are accidentally opened or
                              damaged, rigorous precautions should be
                              taken to avoid inhalation or contact of contents
                              with the skin or mucous membranes (i)

Tessalon Perles     Capsule   Note: swallow whole; temporary local
                              anesthesia of the oral mucosa and choking
                              could occur

Theo-24             Capsule   Slow-release
                              Note: contains beads that dissolve throughout
                              the GI tract

Tiazac              Capsule   Slow-release (a)

Topamax             Tablet    Taste
                    Capsule   Taste (a)

Toprol XL           Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Touro CC-LD         Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Touro LA-LD         Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Tracleer            Tablet    Note: women who are, or may become,
                              pregnant, should not handle crushed or broken
                              tablets

Trental             Tablet    Slow-release

Tylenol Arthritis   Tablet    Slow-release

Ultram ER           Tablet    Slow-release
                              Note: tablet disruption may cause a potentially
                              fatal overdose of tramadol

Uniphyl             Tablet    Slow-release

Urocit-K            Tablet    Wax-coated

Uroxatral           Tablet    Slow-release

Valcyte             Tablet    Teratogenic and irritant potential (i)

Verapamil SR        Tablet    Slow-release (h)

Verelan             Capsule   Slow-release (a)

Verelan PM          Capsule   Slow-release (a)
VesiCare                            Tablet               Enteric coated

Videx EC                            Capsule              Slow-release

Voltaren XR                         Tablet               Slow-release

VoSpire ER                          Tablet               Slow-release

Wellbutrin SR, XL                   Tablet               Slow-release

Xanax XR                            Tablet               Slow-release

Zolinza                             Capsule              Note: irritant; avoid contact with skin or
                                                         mucous membranes; avoid contact with
                                                         crushed or broken tablets

ZORprin                             Tablet               Slow-release

Zyban                               Tablet               Slow-release

Zyflo CR                            Tablet               Slow-release

(a)     Capsule may be opened and the contents taken without crushing or chewing; soft food such as
        applesauce or pudding may facilitate administration; contents may generally be administered
        via nasogastric tube using an appropriate fluid provided entire contents are washed down the
        tube.

(b)     Liquid dosage forms of the product are available; however, dose, frequency of administration
        and manufacturers may differ from that of the solid dosage form.

(c)     Antacids and/or milk may prematurely dissolve the coating of the tablet.

(d)     Capsule may be opened and the liquid contents removed for administration.

(e)     The taste of this product in a liquid form would likely be unacceptable to the patient;
        administration via nasogastric tube should be acceptable.

(f)     Effervescent tablets must be dissolved in the amount of diluent recommended by the
        manufacturer.

(g)     Tablets are made to disintegrate under the tongue.

(h)     Tablet is scored and may be broken in half without affecting release characteristics.

(i)     Skin contact may enhance tumor production; avoid direct contact.
Disclaimer: This listing is not meant to represent all products, either by generic or trade name. The author encourages
manufacturers, pharmacists, nurses, and other health professionals to notify him of any changes or updates.



    1. Correspondence regarding this list may be addressed to:
                John F. Mitchell, Pharm.D., FASHP
                Email: rxmitchell@wowway.com

    2. Two official USP terms are used to designate special-release medication forms: "extended release" and "delayed
    release". Others such as "sustained release", "controlled release", etc. are commonly used on package labeling.
    The term "Slow-release" is being used here to signify all such drugs with a special-release mechanism.