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                                                                                tion of the manuscript and possible sanction of the
Instructions to Authors for                                                     author(s).
Environmental Science & Technology
                                                                                Prior publication
Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T) is an            Contributions submitted to ES&T must be original
authoritative source of information for professionals      works of the author(s) that have not been previously
in a wide range of environmental disciplines. The          published or simultaneously submitted to another
journal combines magazine and research sections and        publication. Prior publication or parallel submission
is published both in print and online. The electronic      of the same paper to another journal eliminates the
version of ES&T includes all of the material found in      paper from consideration by ES&T. You must attest in
the print version plus Supporting Information that         your cover letter that the manuscript has not been
expands on the print version with additional text, data,   previously published, in whole or in part, and that it
and graphics.                                              is not under consideration by any other journal.
   Copyright of articles published in ES&T is trans-       Additionally, you must affirm that all authors are aware
ferred to the American Chemical Society (ACS) by the       of, and accept responsibility for, the manuscript.
author(s). The copyright transfer form must be sub-            Duplication of already published data eliminates
mitted with the manuscript. The journal imposes no         the paper from consideration in most circumstances.
page charges, nor is there any                             If you have any questions or concerns, please contact
charge for color figures.
   Documents accepted for pub-
lication in ACS journals will be      Summary of manuscript submission guidelines
posted on the web as soon as
publishable (ASAP), that is, when                                     Maximum
                                      Type of submission              word count*      Submission websites
galley proofs are corrected and all
of the authors' concerns are re-      Current research paper          7000             http://paragonplus.acs.org
solved. The date on which the                                                          https://paragonplus.acs.org/
document is posted on the web is                                                          paragonplus/application
recorded in a separate line at the
bottom of the first page in the                                                        Contact information
printed issue and is the official                                                      319-335-5047 or 5040
date of publication.                                                                   Fax 319-335-5056
                                                                                                                                    est@uiowa.edu
                                          Environmental policy analysis                               7000
Ethics
Scientific ethics are taken very          Critical review                                             10,000
seriously by ES&T and ACS. All            Correspondence                                              1000
authors should read and adhere
to ACS's Ethical Guidelines to            Feature article or Viewpoint                                4000
Publication of Chemical Research,
                                                                                                      Maximum
which are published in the first          Type of submission                                          word count*                   Send to
printed issue each year in ES&T
and other ACS journals and are            Letter to the Editor                                        500                           est@acs.org
available on the web at http://                                                                                                     Managing Editor, ES&T
pubs.acs.org/ethics.                                                                                                                American Chemical Society
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Conflict of interest
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Authors have the following obli-
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gations. All institutional affiliations
                                          * Word counts include cover page, abstract, text, and references. Figures, tables, and schemes will be counted separately and added
must be listed, including industrial      to the text count, usually as 300 words each. Large multipart figures or extensive tables will be counted as 600 words, or more. Editors
and corporate employments, on             may allow longer papers on the basis of extraordinary significance and originality of content. Authors must provide a compelling explanation
                                          in the cover letter.
the title page or in the Acknowl-
                                          A cover letter should accompany every new research article, policy analysis, or critical review. It should state why the submission is
edgment, and all funding sources          particularly significant and original, and why the topic is suitable for publication in this journal. When you submit you must attest that
must be listed in the Acknowledg-         the manuscript has not been previously published, in whole or in part, and that it is not under consideration by any other journal.
                                          Additionally, you must affirm that all authors are aware of, and accept responsibility for, the manuscript.
ment. Any financial interests or
                                          Authors must submit names of four potential reviewers except for Correspondence and Letters to the Editor.
paid consultations relating to the
                                          After a manuscript has gone to an Associate Editor, all correspondence should go to that Editor, whose address will be indicated
subject matter of the paper must          on correspondence from the Editor's office. After a manuscript has been accepted for publication, all correspondence should go
be disclosed to the Editor in the         to: American Chemical Society, Journal Publications, 2540 Olentangy River Rd., Box 3330, Columbus, OH 43210; 614-447-3665; fax 614-
                                          447-3745; journalhelpacs.org.
author's cover letter at the time
                                          Acknowledgment of receipt of manuscript: Authors should receive an acknowledgment email within two weeks of submission of a
the paper is submitted. Discovery         manuscript. If no acknowledgment email is received, the corresponding author should contact the ES&T office.
of any failure to provide this in-
formation will result in the rejec-
the Editor-in- Chief's office (estuiowa.edu). If a directly   scripts undergo peer review and may require extensive
related paper is in press or has been submitted to            revision by the author and the Washington, D.C.,
another journal, upload a copy to Supporting Infor-           editorial staff prior to publication.
mation. Indicate in the cover letter the status of the            Contributions submitted to ES&T must be original
related paper.                                                works of the author(s) that have not been previously
    Plagiarism. Material, including text, figures, and        published or simultaneously submitted to another
tables, from other publications may not be used               publication. Copyright of articles published in ES&T
without permission and attribution.                           is transferred to ACS by the author(s).
    Self-plagiarism: papers published in or submitted             ES&T features provide a balanced examination of
to other journals, et cetera. It is unethical to republish    significant developments and issues affecting the
the same paper, or a substantial portion of the same          environmental community. These articles probe timely
data. If you wish to reuse a figure or table, you must        topics from multiple perspectivessscientific, regula-
cite the original publication and, if required, obtain        tory, and technicalsto provide readers with an au-
explicit permission from the publisher. Minor modi-           thoritative and up-to-date understanding of the sub-
fication of a figure or table solely to avoid self-           ject.
plagiarism is unacceptable. Authors publishing du-                ES&T viewpoints present a particular point of view
plicative data, figures, or tables will be banned from        on a timely topic of debate within environmental
submitting to ES&T (generally for a period of 2 years).       science or regulation, but they are not considered
    Proceedings of conferences and symposia. You              "Editorials". Although viewpoints do not have to be
cannot publish your presentation in proceedings               popular views, they must include substantial discus-
(paper or electronic) that are copyrighted (except by         sion and literature references. These thought-provok-
ACS) and then submit it to ES&T; that is prior                ing articles take a side, and others may be invited to
publication. If the proceedings are not copyrighted, a        respond to explain the "Counterpoint".
short abstract without figures or tables is permissible.          Features range in length from four to eight published
However, if the manuscript, a manuscript with es-             pages; viewpoints are generally two to six. The typical
sentially the same data in figures/tables, or an extended     manuscript is 3500 words, plus references, titles, and
abstract is published in the proceedings, it cannot be        captions, and no more than a total of four figures,
considered for publication by ES&T. It is the respon-         photographs, and/or tables. References must include
sibility of authors to notify us of any abstracts that        material that is easily accessible. Press releases,
have been published, in any form.                             manuscripts in preparation, and proceedings that
    Websites. ES&T will consider for publication a paper      cannot be purchased are not acceptable. Stable web-
that has been posted on an electronic site available to       sites will be cited as numbered references and should
the general public, provided that the site is the personal    be included in that count. ES&T requires the use of
site of the author and is not connected to a commercial       titles in the reference list for all A-page and research
site. Authors must notify us at the time of submission        articles. Electronic figures should be submitted in TIF,
if the material has been available on the Internet or         EPS, or JPG formats with a minimum of 300 dpi. The
equivalent electronic media and must remove the               resolution of PowerPoint or web-quality images is too
paper from the site at the time of submission. When           low for print. Additional material can be presented as
the paper is published, authors may provide an                Supporting Information and will be posted to the ES&T
electronic link from that site to the ES&T homepage.          website.
If the website is a commercial site not owned by ACS,             Authors can assume that the average news and
the authors are advised that consideration of the paper       features reader has had 1 year of university-level
may be endangered.                                            chemistry, physics, and environmental science. We
                                                              encourage authors to structure their feature or view-
News and features section                                     point like a good lecture: Begin with first principles,
The news and features section of ES&T presents                then develop the main theme.
objective reports and analyses of the major advances,             Authors should also recognize that features and
trends, and challenges in environmental science,              viewpoints are written in a magazine or journalistic
technology, and policy for a diverse professional             style rather than as a scientific article.
audience. It aims to promote interdisciplinary un-                Letters. Readers are encouraged to comment on
derstanding in the environmental field. Although we           articles published in the news and features section,
welcome technical content in these articles, it is not        including environmental policy analysis articles, and
a proper forum to present new data. Instead, the              on significant issues facing the environmental field.
discussion should be based on data found in the peer-         Contributions are limited to 500 words (no figures or
reviewed literature.                                          tables) and should be sent to the Managing Editor
   Feature and viewpoint articles. Contributors are           within 2 months of the print publication date of the
encouraged to send an initial query letter or email to        original article. Contributions may be edited for length
the Managing Editor that describes the scope and              and clarity. The author(s) of the original article will be
significance of the topic and includes a summary or           allowed to reply to letters, provided they do so within
outline of the proposed article. All submitted manu-          2 months.
Research section                                            scripts that emphasize analytical chemistry research
ES&T seeks to publish papers that are particularly          and development must provide a meaningful yet
significant and original. The types of papers published     concise argument that the method represents an
in the research section of ES&T are research article,       advance that is needed in the environmental field.
policy analysis, critical review, correspondence (com-      Manuscripts that do not include results from the
ment/rebuttal), and correction/addition (errata). Manu-     application of the method either to real environmental
scripts are initially reviewed by the editor and, if        samples or to samples that simulate environmental
appropriate, by other scientists who assess the sig-        samples in a meaningful manner will be rejected.
nificance, originality, and validity of the work, as well   Manuscripts in this subject area may provide envi-
as its appropriateness for publication. The Editor-in-      ronmental interpretation of the results obtained from
Chief and Associate Editors, listed in the masthead,        the real samples, but authors should show that a new
are responsible for all material published in ES&T.         analytical method has been thoroughly developed and
    Research articles. The research pages are devoted       its quality ensured.
to the publication of reviewed papers concerned with            Research articles that describe advances in envi-
the scientific understanding of natural and engineered      ronmental technologies are encouraged and may
environments and environmental technologies. Re-            include works on remediation and control processes
search articles are assigned to one of the following        and on new processes for pollution prevention. Make
sections: characterization of natural and affected          the environmental relevance clear. Articles that de-
environments, environmental processes, environmen-          scribe laboratory scale studies should not make claims
tal modeling, environmental measurements methods,           about the economics or relative advantages of the
remediation and control technologies, sustainability        technology without pilot or full-scale validation studies
engineering and green chemistry, and ecotoxicology          or properly validated models. Comparisons with
and human environmental health.                             competitive technologies should be avoided without
    ES&T focuses particularly on the chemistry of           such definite and unbiased assessments. Papers that
processes in the environment, including those that          describe advances in treatment technologies for re-
are natural and those affected by human activities.         mediation of contaminated environments and control
This includes biological and physical phenomena, as         of emissions from existing engineering processes
well as mathematical and computational methods that         should go beyond kinetics and treatability studies. They
are relevant to the understanding and management of         should explore the mechanisms of the technology or
the environment. ES&T also publishes papers that            develop process models to describe it.
describe significant advances in technologies for               Ecotoxicology and human environmental health.
remediation, control, and pollution prevention.             Ecotoxicology deals with the effects of chemical
    Research articles, in general, describe completed       pollution and other stressors on organisms in the
and fully interpreted results of original research.         environment, including humans. ES&T is particularly
Originality is defined as new experimental data, new        interested in ecotoxicology papers that give insight
interpretations of existing data, or new theoretical        into the mechanisms and processes behind effects of
analyses of environmental phenomena. Significance           chemicals and other stressors. Manuscripts may focus
will be judged with respect to the breadth of impact        on in vitro and in vivo effects; studies at the individual,
of the reported findings.                                   population, or ecosystem level; and the links between
    Manuscripts that report data of a routine nature        effects at the molecular and higher levels of biological
will not be published. For example, papers that report      organization. Papers describing the development and
only values of molecular parametersssuch as Henry's         application of new technologies to measure exposure
law constants, octanol-water partition coefficients,        or effects of chemical pollutants in the environment
and the like, without fitting them into a modelswill        are also invited. Studies that only describe the out-
not be accepted. The scope of the reported data in          comes of standard laboratory or field tests are not
ambient monitoring studies should be such that the          appropriate for publication in ES&T.
analysis will yield conclusions applicable to more than         Sustainability engineering and green chemistry.
the particular site or time when the data were taken.       ES&T encourages the submission of papers in sus-
    Research articles published in ES&T must be             tainability engineering and green chemistry that il-
relevant to the study of natural and engineered             lustrate new ways to minimize or avoid pollution. These
environments. Editors will not be receptive to papers       papers must explicitly address how the subject of
that do not make this connection apparent. It is not        science and technology contributes to the minimiza-
sufficient that the paper describe work on a compound       tion, elimination, or reversal of the stated problem
that may occur in the environment if the study does         within the target application. Quantification of this
not provide information that is clearly related to that     contribution to the overall benefit of human health
compound in the environment. Studies of the mech-           and the environment enhances the strength of the
anisms of transformation of a compound that propose         paper. This quantification can take the form of
chemical pathways or mechanistic models will be             decreased amounts of toxic substances used or gener-
subject to particular scrutiny to determine whether         ated, enhanced utilization of renewable feedstocks,
the mechanism is appropriately elucidated. Manu-            decreased toxicity or inherent hazard, or substitution
of reduced-hazard substances in known quantities            Supporting Information (which is freely accessible on
within a process. Laboratory-scale studies must clearly     the web). How to calculate the word count of your
explain their significance as a model or demonstration      manuscript is detailed in the summary box on the first
study applicable to a larger environmentally related        page of these instructions.
issue, without making claims regarding economics or            Consider the use of summary tables in the text, with
superiority over existing or competing processes that       the full data in Supporting Information. Examine the
cannot be substantiated.                                    text for repetitive statements or excessive verbiage
    Policy analysis. These papers present original          (often adjectives). The Introduction and Discussion
research in environmental management and policy,            can usually be shortened by 10
especially where science and engineering interface with        with no loss of context. From authors who believe
public policy. Topics include risk assessment, evalu-       that shortening their manuscript is not possible, we
ation and design of environmental regulations, pol-         require a detailed and compelling explanation. Ulti-
lution prevention and life-cycle analysis, and inter-       mately, the decision rests with the Editor.
national environmental trends. These contributions             Errata. When a correction must be made, it should
are peer-reviewed. The format of these articles follows     be done quickly. ES&T is willing to publish corrections
the general style of research papers, with an abstract,     to long-published work if the author provides a
introduction, body, discussion, and references.             convincing argument. The decision rests with the
    Critical reviews. Critical reviews are thoroughly       Editor. Errata may be uploaded on Paragon Plus or
documented assessments of selected areas of the             submitted via email, fax, or postal mail to the Editor
environmental science research literature. Critical         who handled the manuscript or to the office of the
reviews can be longer than the typical research article     Editor-in-Chief.
but should generally be limited to 10,000 words,
including references, graphs, and figures. Critical
reviews should increase readers' knowledge through
                                                            Manuscript submission and
discriminating comparisons and insightful organiza-         preparation
tion of the material. Criteria for acceptability include
current importance of the field under review, thor-         Preparation. Because ES&T enforces length limits
oughness of the literature coverage, clarity of text, and   please plan your paper before you begin to write. Think
clear identification of research needs.                     about what needs to be in the manuscript and what
    Correspondence: comments and responses. Read-           material can be placed in Supporting Information. For
ers are encouraged to provide scholarly comment on          a detailed discussion with examples of the major
articles appearing in the research section. Both com-       aspects of manuscript preparation, please refer to The
ments and responses are termed "correspondence".            ACS Style Guide (3rd ed., 2006; ISBN 0-8412-3999-1),
They must raise scientific or technical questions about     available from Oxford University Press, Order Depart-
an article; correspondence that is mainly opinion will      ment, 201 Evans Rd., Cary, NC 27513 (http://pubs.
not be accepted. Comments are limited to 1000 words         acs.org/books/styleguide). For all submissions, check
and can include a brief table or a figure plus citations.   the final copy carefully for consistent notation and
Comments should be submitted within 6 months of             correct spelling. Authors should receive an email
the date of publication of the original article. The        acknowledgment within 2 weeks of submission. If no
author(s) of the original article will be allowed to        acknowledgment is received, the corresponding author
respond, provided they do so within 2 months. The           should email the ES&T manuscript office at estui-
response is subject to the same length limitations as       owa.edu.
the comment. Correspondence on previously pub-                  Submission. All submissions to the research section
lished correspondence will not be considered. Personal      must be uploaded on Paragon Plus (see exception
invective will not be tolerated. Correspondence is          under Errata above). Revised manuscripts must also
occasionally peer-reviewed at the option of the Editor.     be submitted via Paragon Plus. Complete instructions
    Word limits. Research and environmental policy          and an overview of the online submission process are
analysis papers should be held to 7000 words. Critical      available through the secure ACS Paragon Plus website
reviews should generally be no more than 10,000 words.      at http:// paragonplus.acs.org. You can link to this
Correspondence is limited to 1000 words.                    site from the ES&T website at http://pubs.acs.org/est.
    ES&T will enforce the 7000-word length limit for        An author must register on Paragon Plus before
research articles and will request that long papers be      submitting a manuscript. This one-time registration
shortened before editorial assignment. Articles are         will suffice for future web manuscript submissions to
expected to be clear, concise, and comprehensive (not       all ACS journals.
a fragmented story). Manuscripts may exceed the 7000-           Copyright. A Copyright Status Form with original
word limit under unusual circumstances, but the length      signature must be completed for each manuscript
must be justified in detail at submission. Lengthy          submitted. A copy of this form can be found on the
papers risk being summarily declined. Tables and            ACS Paragon Plus website. The ACS Copyright Status
figures that augment the article but are otherwise          Form is a legal document and must be signed manually.
unessential to the major themes must be placed in           Once the form has been signed, it can be faxed or
mailed to the Editor-in-Chief's office. You also have        for literature searchers as well as journal readers.
the option of uploading a PDF or TIF version of the          Include major quantitative data if they can be stated
signed copy at the time of submission. The Completed         briefly, but do not include background material. Do
and Signed Copyright Form file designation should be         not include reference numbers in the abstract. When
selected.                                                    you prepare a manuscript, use the document mode or
    Cover letter. A cover letter must accompany every        its equivalent in the word-processing program; that
submission. It should list the author(s) and their           is, do not save files in "Text Only" (ASCII) mode. Do
affiliations, give the manuscript title, and provide         not include any page-layout instructions such as
contact information for all authors. Please provide a        placement information for graphics in the file. Use
mailing address, email address, and phone and fax            hard returns only to end headings and paragraphs,
numbers for all authors where available. The corre-          not to break lines of text. Do not insert spaces before
sponding author will be the author to whom we send           punctuation. References must conform to the format
letters and email notifications. ES&T also requires that     printed in the journal and must include titles. Ensure
you include a reviewer list and a rationale in the cover     that all characters are correctly represented throughout
letter.                                                      the manuscript: for example, 1 (one) and l (ell), 0 (zero)
    Reviewer list. Authors are required to provide           and O (oh), x (ex) and × (times sign).
names and contact information (affiliation and email             Text. Consult a current issue for general style.
address) of at least four experts in the field as possible   Assume your readers to be professionals who are not
reviewers for the manuscript. You may also include           necessarily expert in your particular field; spell out all
the names of people you do not want to review the            acronyms on first use, even if this was done in the
paper. The Associate Editors try to use at least one         abstract.
reviewer from your list and to comply with your special          Write concisely. Research manuscripts are expected
requests. However, this cannot be ensured; for ex-           to be no more than 7000 words in length, or roughly
ample, specific reviewers may not be available. Do           20 double-spaced manuscript pages, including text,
not suggest as potential reviewers anyone who may            tables, figures, and references. Longer manuscripts
have a conflict of interest in reviewing your manuscript,    dealing with comprehensive studies are subject to
such as former advisers, students, or recent collabora-      extremely critical review. Do not repeat information,
tors. Please note that it is not particularly helpful to     figures, or tables that have appeared elsewhere. Use
suggest as reviewers the most well-known researchers         illustrative data rather than complete data where
in the field because they are already known to the           appropriate. Shorten manuscript text by designating
Editors.                                                     appropriate material as Supporting Information (see
    Rationale. We require that you include a rationale       below).
for ES&T publication in the cover letter. Please read            Divide the article into sections; three are often
the "Current research papers" section of these in-           sufficient: Introduction, Experimental, and Results and
structions and address the issues discussed therein.         Discussion (see below). Avoid repetition. Do not use
You must tell us why you think your manuscript is            footnotes; include the information in the text. Number
appropriate for publication in ES&T, particularly with       all pages of the manuscript. Please use line numbers.
respect to its originality, scientific merit, and envi-          Introduction. Clearly state the purpose and sig-
ronmental importance.                                        nificance of the research, and put it into the context
                                                             of earlier work in the area. Do not attempt a complete
Elements of a manuscript                                     survey of the literature. If a recent article has sum-
Title. Use specific and informative titles. They should      marized work on the subject, cite that article without
be brief but should define the subject of the paper. A       repeating its individual citations. In general, the
20- word title is too long. If trade names are used, give    introduction should be no more than 2 double-spaced
generic names in parentheses. Key words in titles assist     pages without figures or tables and should include
in effective literature retrieval.                           fewer than 20 references.
    Authorship. List the first name, middle initial, and         Experimental section. In this section, describe
last name of each author. Omit professional and official     pertinent and critical factors involved in the experi-
titles. Give the complete mailing address where the          mental work but avoid excessive description. Details
work was performed. When the present address of an           should be placed in Supporting Information. Do not
author is different, include the new information in a        submit drawings of standard apparatus that can be
footnote. In a paper with more than one author, the          succinctly described in the text. List and describe
name of the corresponding author, to whom inquiries          preparation of special reagents only. Omit details of
should be addressed, carries an asterisk. Include an         procedures that are common knowledge to those in
email address and telephone and fax numbers for the          the field or that you have published previously. A brief
corresponding author, if possible.                           mention of published procedures may be included;
    Abstract. A 150-200-word abstract must accom-            leave details to the literature cited.
pany each manuscript. Describe the purpose, methods              Results and discussion. Here you can discuss your
or procedures, significant new results, and conclusions.     findings, postulate explanations for data, elucidate
Define any abbreviations used in the abstract. Write         models, and compare your results with those of others.
Be complete but concise. Avoid irrelevant comparisons       (registered trade names should begin with a capital
or contrasts, speculations unsupported by the new           letter).
information presented in the paper, and verbose                 Formulas and equations. Chemical formulas should
discussion. Results and discussion may be combined          correspond to the style of ACS publications. Chemical
or separated.                                               equations should be balanced and numbered con-
    Do not include a conclusions section in research        secutively along with mathematical equations. Math-
articles. Include major conclusions in the abstract and     ematical arguments should be as brief as possible.
in the body of the results and discussion sections.             Safety. Please call special attention, both in your
    Tables. Tables should be furnished with appropriate     manuscript and in your correspondence with the
titles and should be numbered consecutively with            Editors, to safety considerations such as explosive
Arabic numbers (i.e., 1, 2, . . .). Double-space them       tendencies, precautionary handling procedures, and
with wide margins, and prepare tables in a consistent       toxicity.
format. Tables may be created using a word processor's          Acknowledgment. Include essential credits in an
text mode or table format feature. The latter is            acknowledgment section at the end of the text. Meeting
preferred. Ensure that each data entry is in its own        presentation data or other information regarding the
table cell. If the text mode is used, separate columns      work reported (e.g., financial support) are included
with a single tab and use a hard return at the end of       here. We remind you that all authors must read and
each row.                                                   adhere to ACS's Ethical Guidelines to Publication of
    Figures. Figures should be designed and prepared        Chemical Research. If any possibility of a conflict of
carefully. For best results, submit illustrations in the    interest existsfinancial, personal, or scientific, real or
actual size at which they should appear. Lettering          perceiveddescribe it here. If it is complex, refer to it
should be of a size that can be read after reduction.       here and describe it in detail in the Supporting
Label the axes outside the graph. Number all illustra-      Information.
tions consecutively. Be sure that the legends correctly         Brief. A one-sentence "brief" describing the work
and sufficiently describethe contents of the figure. Gray   must be submitted with the manuscript. This sentence
tones reproduce poorly and should not be used as            (25 words or less) will appear in the printed Table of
background or as data points. Use cross-hatching if         Contents along with the article title.
something other than a clear backgroundis needed.               References. Literature references should be num-
The ACS Guidelines for Illustrations can be found at        bered and listed in order of citation in the text. Provide
http://pubs.acs.org/paragonplus/submission/graph-           for review copies of any references that are in obscure
ics_prep.html. Tables and figures must be uploaded          publications or are unpublished. Avoid references to
as an integral part of the manuscript file; do not submit   works that have not been peer-reviewed. Give complete
them as Supporting Information. Artwork and tables          information, using abbreviations for titles of periodicals
can be placed at the end of the manuscript file or          as in the CAS Source Index (CASSI), 1907-1994, or
embedded within the text of thedocument showing             The ACS Style Guide. Periodical references should
actual placement. Graphics should have the following        contain authors' surnames followed by initials, title,
minimum resolution: black-and-white line art, 1200          journal abbreviation, year, volume number, and either
dpi; grayscale, 600 dpi; and color, 300 dpi. The file       first page or page range.
name for the graphic should be descriptive of the-              The accuracy of the references is the responsibility
graphic (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2, or Scheme1 would         of the author(s). Reference accuracy is critical because
containthe artwork for the graphic in Figure 1, Figure      subscribers to the web edition will have the ability to
2, or Scheme 1, respectively).                              link to the original literature. References should be
    Nomenclature. Nomenclature should conform to            listed by the author, patentee, or equivalent. In the
currentAmerican usage. When possible, authors should        text, the number may be used alone, or the name can
use systematic names similar to those used by Chem-         be followed by the number. References to personal
icalAbstracts Service (CAS) or IUPAC. Chemical Ab-          correspondence or to unarchived material obtained
stracts (CA) nomenclature rules are contained in            from the web are discouraged. "Anonymous" is not
Appendix IV of the current Chemical Abstracts Index         acceptable as an author. If the author is unknown, list
Guide. The ACS website has links to nomenclature            the reference by company, agency, or journal source.
recommendations at http://chemistry.org. IUPAC              Do not list references as "in press" unless they have
recommended nomenclature is available at ww-                been formally accepted for publication. The Associate
w.chemgmw.ac.uk/iupac.html. For CA nomenclature             Editor should be informed whether a paper on a related
advice, contact answers@cas.org. Use SI units as much       topic is in press with the same source author as the
as possible. For specialized nomenclature, include a        paper submitted to ES&T.
nomenclature section at the end of the paper, giving            Supporting Information. Authors are encouraged
definitions and dimensions for all terms. We suggest        to shorten the text of manuscripts by using the
that you provide the CAS numbers of less familiar           Supporting Information (SI) to present all ancillary
compounds. If subscripts and superscripts are neces-        information and material of interest mainly to spe-
sary, place them accurately. Avoid trivial names. Trade     cialists. In particular, the Experimental Section should
names should be defined at the point of first use           provide the detail needed for the reader to determine
whether the interpretations are supported by the data,       convincing reasons for declining to do so. If you believe
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Acknowledgment.                                              to adhere to the following instructions may prevent
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