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Part V--Proposed New Industry Structure for Printing and Related…
Tags: additional detail, aggregates, american industry classification, canada mexico, comparability, data users, digit level, industrial classification, industry classification system, industry structure, interested data, jack e triplett, mexico and the united states, mexico city, naics structure, north american industry classification system, north american industry classification system naics, statistical agencies, structure xx, xxxx,Pages: 11
Language: english
Created: Mon Jun 3 09:39:39 1996
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Part V--Proposed New Industry Structure for Printing and Related Support Activities.
Section A--NAICS Structure
North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS)
Agreement Number 15
This Document represents the proposed agreement on the structure of the North American
Industry Classification System (NAICS) for the following subsector:
Printing and Related Support Activities
The detailed NAICS structure along with a brief description of the structure is attached
(Attachments 1 and 2). Each country agrees to release a copy of the proposed NAICS
structure to interested data users. Comments received will be shared among the countries and
additional discussions will be held before a final decision on the structure is made. Each
country may add additional detailed industries, below the 4-digit level of NAICS, as
necessary to meet national needs, so long as this additional detail aggregates to a 4-digit
NAICS level in order to ensure full comparability among the three countries. This NAICS
structure was presented and provisionally accepted at the NAICS Committee meeting held on
September 27, 1995 - September 29, 1995 in Mexico City, Mexico.
Accepted Signature Date
Canada /S/ Jacob Ryten 9/29/95
Mexico /S/ Enrique Ordaz 9/29/95
United States /S/ Jack E. Triplett 9/29/95
ATTACHMENT 1--NAICS STRUCTURE
XX Printing and Related Support Activities
XXX Printing and Related Support Activities
XXXX Printing
XXXX Support Activities for Printing
Attachment 2--North American Industry Classification System
Draft Classification for:
Printing and Related Support Activities
Representatives of the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico, and the United States agree
to a draft industrial classification for these industries.
The draft classification applies to the subsector, Printing and Related Support Activities.
The subsector is subdivided into a single industry group and two industries. The subsector
will be part of the Manufacturing sector of the classification.
A General Outline
Printing and Related Support Activities industries print products such as newspapers,
books, periodicals, business forms, greeting cards, and other material. Support activities, such
as bookbinding, plate making, and data imaging are also included in this subsector. These
activities are an integral part of the printing industry, and a product (a printing plate, a bound
book, or a computer disk or file) that is an integral part of the printing industry is almost
always provided by these operations.
Processes used in printing include a variety of methods used to transfer an image from a
plate, screen, or computer file to some medium, such as paper, plastic, metal, textile articles or
wood. The most prominent of these methods is to transfer the image from a plate or screen to
the medium (lithographic, gravure, screen and flexographic printing). A rapidly growing new
technology uses a computer file to "drive" the printing mechanism directly to create the image
(non-impact printing). A number of important boundary issues involving printing and other
sectors are noted in the Some Changes to National Classifications section.
In contrast to many other classification systems that locate publishing of printed materials
in manufacturing, NAICS locates the publishing of printed products in a separate subsector,
Publishing, which is part of the new NAICS Information sector, to be published separately.
Though printing and publishing are often carried out by the same enterprise (a newspaper, for
example), it is less and less the case that these distinct activities are carried out in the same
establishment. More information on this change is contained in the text to the proposed
NAICS Information sector.
Limitations and Constraints of the Classification
Most of the printing activities that take place in one country exist in the others. It is not
possible in all countries to identify separately production process industries or specialized end
use production categories. For example, in Canada and the United States, unique production
establishments exist for the printing of books and business forms, and these processes can be
recognized in the U.S. classification. In Mexico, however, book or business forms printers
also print other types of products. Similarly, printing in Canada and the United States occurs
largely in establishments that use a single printing process, such as lithographic or screen
printing; in Mexico, diverse types of printing equipment are used in the same establishment.
For these reasons, only broad categories for printing (of all types) and support activities
for printing were created for NAICS. Each country will publish additional categories that
comprise subdivisions of NAICS industries, to present data for activities that are nationally
significant.
For those users requiring detailed commodity information, each country will publish
information on the products of these industries. Efforts are also underway to harmonize the
commodity classifications to allow for greater comparability of these statistics.
Relationship to ISIC
Both 4-digit industries in this subsector are contained within Division 22, Publishing
Printing, and Reproduction of Recorded Media, of the current Standard Industrial
Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC, Revision 3) of the United Nations. However,
two activities that are included in the NAICS Printing and Related Support Activities
subsector are classified elsewhere in ISIC. Printing on textile articles is included in ISIC
1729, Manufacture of Other Textiles, NEC. Lithographic and gravure commercial printing of
labels and tags is included in ISIC 2109, Manufacture of Other Articles of Paper and
Paperboard.
Some Changes to the National Classifications
For all three countries, publishing, including integrated publishing and printing
establishments, has been moved out of the Printing and Related Support Activities subsector
into the new NAICS Information sector.
For Canada, a major change to the Printing and Related Support Activities subsector is to
move printing on purchased fabric articles (mostly "T" shirts) from the Clothing Industries
major group to this subsector. The production process involved here is printing, and not the
manufacture of clothing. Another change is the redefinition of certain types of printing,
sometimes referred to as "quick printing." This printing is done in relatively small, often
"store front" establishments; these establishments use small printers, and usually bundle
printing with other services, such as mailing, fax and similar types of activities. Because
printing is only one of a number of services performed in the same establishment, "quick
printers" have been located in the NAICS Management, Employment, Administrative and
Support Services subsector. This redefinition must be carefully constructed to ensure that
commercial printing is not misclassified in the Management, Employment, Administrative
and Support Services subsector.
For Mexico, changes to this subsector are minor.
For the United States, changes parallel those made for Canada. Printing on purchased
fabric articles and the redefinition of quick printing were made for the United States, as they
were in Canada. Printing on signs and advertising specialties was also moved here from its
current U.S. classification in Miscellaneous Manufacturing in order to attain comparability
with Canada and Mexico, and because the production process is primarily printing. A similar
change, made for the identical reasons, involves printing on tags and labels.
Achievement of Objectives
The classification meets the objectives for the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS). It includes industries that group establishments with similar production
processes, that is, it applies the production-oriented economic concept. In the main, the
hierarchical structure of the classification also follows the production concept.
Other objectives of the NAICS project are not as relevant in this area of the classification
as in others. These objectives are the delineation of new and emerging industries, service
industries and industries engaged in the production of advanced technologies. The industrial
sector in question is relatively mature, generally produces goods and has employed relatively
stable technology. An evolving new technology in the printing industry involves the creation
of a computer file that directly drives printing equipment. Thus, no printing plate is needed.
This technology, however, does not yet account for a significant share of production in any of
the three countries, and therefore has not been separated in the classification.
The industries have high specialization ratios, and they are economically significant.
While disruptions to time series exist, they have been minimized. The statistical agencies can
develop statistical "links," to enable the re-tabulation of time series on the new NAICS
classification structure.
The classification achieves comparability for the three participating countries. Based on
existing data, all three countries expect to be able to publish data regularly at the industry (4-
digit) level of the structure. All countries agree on the detailed definitions of the industries.
Section B-Annex: United States National Industry Detail
As explained in the Structure presentation of this notice, for a number of reasons 4-digit
industries in the NAICS industry subsector presented in Part V, Section A--Attachment 1,
contain less detail than is currently in the U.S. SIC system, and less detail than is required to
meet important analytical requirements in the U.S. The three country agreement on NAICS
envisions that each country may develop national detailed industries below the NAICS
industry level, so long as the national detail can be aggregated to the NAICS classification,
thus assuring full North American comparability.
The ECPC is proposing U.S. 5-digit industry detail for the NAICS industry subsector
covered in Part V of this notice. For cases where no 5-digit detail is shown, the ECPC is
proposing that the NAICS 4-digit industries will also represent the most detailed U.S.
industries.
TABLE 1
The definitions of status codes are as follows: E-existing industry; L-null industry for the U.S.; N-new industry R-revised industry;; and * means "part of". The abbreviations
NEC is used for Not Elsewhere Classified.
1987
Status SIC
1997 NAICS and U.S. description code code 1987 SIC description
XX Printing and Related Support Activities
XXX Printing and Related Support Activities
XXXX Printing
XXXXX Book Printing E 2732 Book Printing
XXXXX Commercial Lithographic Printing R *2752 Commercial Printing, Lithographic (Except Quick Printing)
*2771 Greeting Cards (lithographic printing of greeting cards)
*2782 Blankbooks, Loose-leaf Binders and Devices (lithographic
printing of checkbooks)
*3993 Signs and Advertising Specialties (lithographic printing of
advertising specialties)
*3999 Manufacturing Industries, NEC (lithographic printing of
eyeglass frames for the trade)
XXXXX Commercial Gravure Printing R 2754 Commercial Printing, Gravure
*2771 Greeting Cards (gravure printing of greeting cards)
*2782 Blankbooks, Loose-leaf Binders and Devices (gravure printing
of checkbooks)
*3993 Signs and Advertising Specialties (gravure printing of
advertising specialties)
*3999 Manufacturing Industries, NEC (gravure printing of eyeglass
frames for the trade)
XXXXX Commercial Screen Printing N *2759 Commercial Printing, NEC (screen printing)
*2771 Greeting Cards (screen printing of greeting cards)
*2782 Blankbooks, Loose-leaf Binders and Devices (screen printing
of checkbooks)
*3993 Signs and Advertising Specialties (screen printing of
advertising specialties)
*3999 Manufacturing Industries, NEC (screen printing of eyeglass
frames for the trade)
XXXXX Commercial Flexographic Printing N *2759 Commercial Printing, NEC (flexographic printing)
*2771 Greeting Cards (flexographic printing of greeting cards)
*2782 Blankbooks, Loose-leaf Binders and Devices (flexographic
printing of checkbooks)
*3993 Signs and Advertising Specialties (flexographic printing of
advertising specialties)
*3999 Manufacturing Industries, NEC (flexographic printing of
eyeglass frames for the trade)
XXXXX Other Commercial Printing R *2759 Commercial Printing, NEC (other commercial printing)
*2771 Greeting Cards (other printing of greeting cards)
*2782 Blankbooks, Loose-leaf Binders and Devices (other printing of
checkbooks)
*3993 Signs and Advertising Specialties (other printing of advertising
specialties for the trade)
*3999 Manufacturing Industries, NEC (other printing of eyeglass
frames for the trade)
XXXXX Manifold Business Form Printing E 2761 Manifold Business Forms
XXXXX Bankbook, Loose-leaf Binder and Device R *2782 Blankbooks, Loose-leaf Binders and Devices (except
Manufacturing checkbooks)
XXXXX Printing on Apparel N *2396 Automotive Trimmings, Apparel Findings, and Related
Products (Printing and Embossing on Fabric Articles)
XXXX Support Activities for Printing
XXXXX Tradebinding and Related Work E 2789 Bookbinding and Related Work
XXXXX Prepress Services R 2791 Typesetting
2796 Platemaking and Related Services
TABLE 2
The abbreviation "pt" means "part of". @ means time series break has been created that is greater than 3% of the 1992 revenues for the 1987 SIC industry.
1987 SIC code 1987 SIC description 1997 U.S. description
2711 Newspapers: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing Included in new Information sector
2721 Periodicals: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing Included in new Information sector
2731 Books: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing Included in new Information sector
2732 Book Printing Book Printing
2741 Miscellaneous Publishing Included in new Information sector
2752 Commercial Printing, Lithographic Commercial Lithographic Printing (pt)
Commercial Printing, Lithographic (Except Quick
Printing) Commercial Lithographic Printing (pt)
Quick Printing Included in Other Services sector
2754 Commercial Printing, Gravure Commercial Gravure Printing (pt)
2759@ Commercial Printing, NEC
Screen Printing Commercial Screen Printing (pt)
Flexographic Printing Commercial Flexographic Printing (pt)
Other Commercial Printing Other Commercial Printing (pt)
2761 Manifold Business Forms Manifold Business Form Printing (pt)
2771@ Greeting Cards
Lithographic Printing of Greeting Cards Commercial Lithographic Printing (pt)
Gravure Printing of Greeting Cards Commercial Gravure Printing (pt)
Flexographic Printing of Greeting Cards Commercial Flexographic Printing (pt)
Screen Printing of Greeting Cards Commercial Screen Printing (pt)
Other Printing of Greeting Cards Other Commercial Printing (pt)
Publishing Greeting Cards Included in new Information sector
2782@ Blankbooks, Loose-leaf Binders and Devices
Lithographic Printing of Checkbooks Commercial Lithographic Printing (pt)
Gravure Printing of Checkbooks Commercial Gravure Printing (pt)
Flexographic Printing of Checkbooks Commercial Flexographic Printing (pt)
Screen Printing of Checkbooks Commercial Screen Printing (pt)
Other Printing of Checkbooks Other Commercial Printing (pt)
Blankbooks, Loose-leaf Binders and Devices Blankbook, Loose-leaf Binder and Device
Manufacturing
2789 Bookbinding and Related Work Tradebinding and Related Work
2791@ Typesetting Prepress Services (pt)
2796@ Platemaking and Related Services Prepress Services (pt)
3993@ Signs and Advertising Specialties
Lithographic Printing of Advertising Specialties Commercial Lithographic Printing (pt)
Gravure Printing of Advertising Specialties Commercial Gravure Printing (pt)
Flexographic Printing of Advertising Specialties Commercial Flexographic Printing (pt)
Screen Printing of Advertising Specialties Commercial Screen Printing (pt)
Other Printing of Advertising Specialties Other Commercial Printing (pt)
Electric Signs Electric Signs (Included in Electrical Equipment,
Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
subsector)
Non-Electric Wood Signs Other Wood Product Manufacturing (pt) (Included
in Wood Product Manufacturing, Except Furniture
subsector)
Non-Electric Metal Signs All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
(pt) (Included in Fabricated Metal Product
Manufacturing subsector)
Non-Electric Plastics Signs All Other Plastic Product Manufacturing (pt)
(Included in Rubber and Plastic Product
Manufacturing subsector)
3999@ Manufacturing Industries, NEC
Lithographic Printing of Eyeglass Frames for the Trade Commercial Lithographic Printing (pt)
Gravure Printing of Eyeglass Frames for the Trade Commercial Gravure Printing (pt)
Flexographic Printing of Eyeglass Frames for the Trade Commercial Flexographic Printing (pt)
Screen Printing of Eyeglass Frames for the Trade Commercial Screen Printing (pt)
Other Printing of Eyeglass Frames for the Trade Other Commercial Printing (pt)
Other Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing (pt) (To Be
Included in Miscellaneous Manufacturing
subsector)
2396@ Automotive Trimmings, Apparel Findings, and Related
Products
Printing and Embossing on Fabric Articles Printing on Apparel
Automotive Trimmings Motor Vehicle Fabric Accessory and Seat
Manufacturing (pt) (Included in Transportation
Equipment Manufacturing subsector)
Apparel Findings and Trimmings Apparel Belts, Apparel Accessories, and Other
Apparel Manufacturing (pt) (Included in Apparel
Manufacturing subsector)
Other Apparel Trimmings All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills (pt)
(Included in Textile Product Mills subsector)
Description of Changes to the U.S. System
Three new industries were added to the 1997 industry structure for this industry
subsector.
Commercial Screen Printing was created from part of 1987 SIC 2759, Commercial
Printing, NEC; part of 1987 SIC 2771, Greeting Cards; part of 1987 SIC 2782,
Blankbooks, Loose-leaf Binders, and Devices; part of 1987 SIC 3993, Signs and
Advertising Specialties; and part of 1987 SIC 3999, Manufacturing Industries, NEC.
This change was made in response to a proposal from the industry and it corresponds
to the production-oriented industry concept accepted for NAICS.
Commercial Flexographic Printing was created from part of 1987 SIC 2759,
Commercial Printing, NEC; part of 1987 SIC 2771, Greeting Cards; part of 1987 SIC
2782, Blankbooks, Loose-leaf Binders, and Devices; and part of 1987 SIC 3993,
Manufacturing Industries, NEC, and part of 1987 SIC 3999, Manufacturing Industries,
NEC. This change corresponds to the production-oriented industry concept accepted
for NAICS.
Printing on Apparel was created from part of 1987 SIC 2396, Automotive
Trimmings, Apparel Findings, and Related Products. This change was made for
international comparability, and because the process involved is printing, not apparel
manufacture.
Four industries were removed from this industry group and transferred to the new
NAICS Information sector. They are:
1987 SIC 2711, Newspapers: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing.
1987 SIC 2721, Periodicals: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing.
1987 SIC 2731, Books: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing.
1987 SIC 2741, Miscellaneous Publishing.
These four industries were transferred to the newly created Information sector in
response to the increased use of electronic and other means for information
transformation, manipulation, and dissemination, and because the production
processes that characterize publishing are neither printing nor manufacturing. Where
printing of newspapers, periodicals and books takes place in a separate establishment
(increasingly the case), these printing activities remain in manufacturing. More
information is contained in the text for the NAICS Information sector, published
separately.
Two activities were transferred into the 1997 NAICS Printing and Related Support
Activities subsector.
Advertising specialty manufacturing transferred from part of 1987 SIC 3993, Signs
and Advertising Displays, into Commercial Printing, depending on the printing
process.
Printing eyeglasses for the trade transferred from part of 1987 SIC 3999,
Manufacturing Industries, NEC, into Commercial Printing, depending on the printing
process. Transferring these two activities into the Printing and Related Support
Activities subsector was necessary to align the U.S. classification with those of Canada
and Mexico, and because the activities are printing processes.
One activity was transferred out of the 1977 NAICS subsector for Printing and
Allied Industries.
Quick printing, 1987 industry code 2752 with transferred to the Other Services
subsectors. This change was made to better conform with production services.
Also, several activities were transferred within the Printing and Related Support
Activities subsector. The number of printing industries decreased from 14 in 1987 to
11 in 1997. For time series linkage, 5 of the 14 1987 industries are comparable within
three percent of the 1997 industries.