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Created: Thu May 18 08:35:47 2006
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WWW.FUELECONOMY.GOV 17
HYBRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLES
It's no accident the most fuel-efficient vehicles in some classes engines are least efficient. Unlike all-electric vehicles, HEVs now
for the 2006 model year are hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs). being offered do not need to be plugged into an external source
Hybrids combine the best features of the internal combustion of electricity to be recharged; conventional gasoline and regen-
engine with an electric motor and can significantly improve fuel erative braking provide all the energy the vehicle needs.
economy without sacrificing performance or driving range. HEVs
may also be configured to provide increased performance or Potential buyers should also be aware that the federal govern-
provide electrical power to auxiliary loads such as power tools. ment is currently offering tax incentives for HEVs. Some states
also offer incentives. Additional information on HEVs, including
HEVs are primarily propelled by an internal combustion engine tax incentives, can be found at www.fueleconomy.gov.
(ICE), just like conventional vehicles. However, they also convert
energy normally wasted during coasting and braking into Annual fuel cost is estimated assuming 15,000 miles of travel
electricity, which is stored in a battery until needed by the electric each year (55% city and 45% highway) and a gasoline fuel cost
motor. The electric motor assists the engine when accelerating of $2.20 per gallon (regular unleaded).
or hill climbing and at low speeds where internal combustion
Battery Size /
Battery Size /
Trans Type /
Annual Fuel
Trans Type /
Annual Fuel
Eng Size /
City / Hwy
Eng Size /
City / Hwy
Cylinders
Cylinders
Speeds
Speeds
Cost
MPG
Type
Cost
MPG
Type
TWO SEATERS SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WD
HONDA FORD
Insight ................................. AV........ 1.0/3 ..57/56 ....... $591 ... 144 V, Ni-MH Escape Hybrid 2WD ........... AV........ 2.3/4 .. 36/31 .... $1,000 ... 330 V, Ni-MH
............................................ M5 ....... 1.0/3 ..60/66 ....... $525 ... 144 V, Ni-MH
COMPACT CARS LEXUS
RX 400h 2WD ..................... AV........ 3.3/6 .. 33/28 .... $1,099 ... 288 V, Ni-MH
HONDA TOYOTA
Civic Hybrid ........................ AV........ 1.3/4 ..49/51 ....... $660 ... 158 V, Ni-MH Highlander Hybrid 2WD ...... AV........ 3.3/6 .. 33/28 .... $1,099 ... 288 V, Ni-MH
MIDSIZE CARS SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WD
HONDA FORD
Accord Hybrid ..................... A-5 ...... 3.0/6 ..25/34 .... $1,178 ... 144 V, Ni-MH Escape Hybrid 4WD ........... AV........ 2.3/4 .. 33/29 .... $1,066 ... 330 V, Ni-MH
TOYOTA LEXUS
Prius .................................... AV........ 1.5/4 ..60/51 ....... $601 ... 202 V, Ni-MH RX 400h 4WD ..................... AV........ 3.3/6 .. 31/27 .... $1,138 ... 288 V, Ni-MH
STANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 2WD
MAZDA
Tribute Hybrid 4WD ............ AV........ 2.3/4 .. 33/29 .... $1,066 ... 330 V, Ni-MH
CHEVROLET
C15 Silverado Hybrid 2WD A-4 ...... 5.3/8 ..18/21 .... $1,736 ... 42V, Lead-acid
MERCURY
Mariner Hybrid 4WD ........... AV........ 2.3/4 .. 33/29 .... $1,066 ... 330 V, Ni-MH
GMC
C15 Sierra Hybrid 2WD ...... A-4 ...... 5.3/8 ..18/21 .... $1,736 ... 42V, Lead-acid
TOYOTA
STANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 4WD Highlander Hybrid 4WD ...... AV........ 3.3/6 .. 31/27 .... $1,138 ... 288 V, Ni-MH
CHEVROLET
K15 Silverado Hybrid 4WD . A-4 ...... 5.3/8 ..17/19 .... $1,835 ... 42V, Lead-acid
GMC
K15 Sierra Hybrid 4WD ...... A-4 ...... 5.3/8 ..17/19 .... $1,835 ... 42V, Lead-acid
COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS VEHICLES
This section supplies the driving range and fuel economy values for vehicles that operate on compressed natural gas (CNG). CNG
fuel is normally dispensed in "equivalent gallons," where one equivalent gallon is equal to 121.5 cubic feet of CNG. Therefore, the
fuel economy values are shown in miles per gallon-equivalent. Annual fuel cost estimates are based on an average fuel price of
$1.25 per gasoline equivalent gallon of CNG.
The driving range is shown in miles and represents the distance the vehicle can travel on a full tank (or tanks) of fuel during com-
bined city and highway driving (55% city and 45% highway).
At the time of printing there were no data available for compressed natural gas vehicles. Please check the Fuel Economy Guide's
web site (www.fueleconomy.gov) for updates.
18 WWW.FUELECONOMY.GOV
ETHANOL FLEXIBLE-FUEL VEHICLES
This section contains the fuel economy and driving range values for ethanol flexible-fuel passenger cars and light trucks. These
vehicles are designed to operate on gasoline, E85 (a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline), or any mixture of the two fuels.
Annual fuel cost is estimated assuming 15,000 miles of travel each year (55% city and 45% highway) and an average fuel cost of
$2.00 per gallon for E85, $2.20 per gallon for regular unleaded gasoline, and $2.40 per gallon for premium unleaded gasoline.
Fuel economy and driving range values are shown for both gasoline and E85. When operating your FFV on mixtures of gasoline and
E85, such as when alternating between using these fuels, your driving range and fuel economy values will be somewhere between
those listed for the two fuels, depending on the actual percentage of gasoline and E85 in the tank.
Annual Fuel
Annual Fuel
Trans Type /
Trans Type /
Eng Size /
City / Hwy
Eng Size /
City / Hwy
Cylinders
Cylinders
Speeds
Speeds
(miles)
(miles)
Range
Range
Cost
Cost
MPG
Fuel
MPG
Fuel
MIDSIZE CARS DODGE
Ram 1500 Pickup 4WD ...... A-5 ...... 4.7/8 .. 9/1 ...... $3,000 ... E85 .......... 260
1
12/15 .... $2,538 ... Gas .......... 340
CHEVROLET
Monte Carlo ......................... A-4 ...... 3.5/6 .. 16/24 .... $1,578 ... E85 .......... 330
21/31 .... $1,320 ... Gas .......... 430
FORD
F-150 Pickup 4WD FFV ...... A-4 ...... 5.4/8 .. 10/13 .... $2,727 ... E85 .......... 290
14/18 .... $2,201 ... Gas .......... 390
CHRYSLER
Sebring 4-door ..................... A-4 ...... 2.7/6 .. 15/20 .... $1,764 ... E85 .......... 270
21/28 .... $1,376 ... Gas .......... 390 GMC
Sebring 4-door (2-Mode) ...... A-4 ...... 2.7/6 .. 15/20 .... $1,764 ... E85 .......... 270 K1500 Sierra 4WD .............. A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/14 .... $2,307 ... E85 .......... 310/440
21/28 .... $1,376 ... Gas .......... 390 15/19 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420/580
DODGE NISSAN
Stratus 4-door ..................... A-4 ...... 2.7/6 .. 15/20 .... $1,764 ... E85 .......... 270 Titan 4WD ........................... A-5 ...... 5.6/8 .. 10/13 .... $2,727 ... E85 .......... 310/330
21/28 .... $1,376 ... Gas .......... 390 14/18 .... $2,201 ... Gas .......... 420/450
Stratus 4-door (2-Mode) ...... A-4 ...... 2.7/6 .. 15/20 .... $1,764 ... E85 .......... 270 MINIVANS 2WD
21/28 .... $1,376 ... Gas .......... 390
LARGE CARS DODGE
Caravan 2WD ..................... A-4 ...... 3.3/6 .. 13/17 .... $2,142 ... E85 .......... 280
CHEVROLET 19/26 .... $1,571 ... Gas .......... 420
Impala ................................. A-4 ...... 3.5/6 .. 16/23 .... $1,578 ... E85 .......... 330 SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WD
21/31 .... $1,376 ... Gas .......... 410
FORD CHEVROLET
C1500 Avalanche 2WD ...... A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/14 .... $2,499 ... E85 .......... 310/480
Crown Victoria ..................... A-4 ...... 4.6/8 .. 12/18 .... $2,142 ... E85 .......... 280
14/19 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420/610
17/25 .... $1,650 ... Gas .......... 370
C1500 Suburban 2WD ........ A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/14 .... $2,499 ... E85 .......... 310/480
Taurus .................................. A-4 ...... 3.0/6 .. 15/20 .... $1,764 ... E85 .......... 300
19/27 .... $1,502 ... Gas .......... 400 14/19 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420/610
C1500 Tahoe 2WD .............. A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/15 .... $2,307 ... E85 .......... 310/480
15/20 .... $1,940 ... Gas .......... 420/610
LINCOLN
Town Car ............................. A-4 ...... 4.6/8 .. 12/18 .... $2,142 ... E85 .......... 280
17/25 .... $1,650 ... Gas .......... 370
DODGE
Durango 2WD ..................... A-5 ...... 4.7/8 .. 9/1 ...... $3,000 ... E85 .......... 260
1
12/15 .... $2,538 ... Gas .......... 340
MERCURY
Grand Marquis ..................... A-4 ...... 4.6/8 .. 12/18 .... $2,142 ... E85 .......... 280
17/25 .... $1,650 ... Gas .......... 370
GMC
C1500 Yukon 2WD ............. A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/15 .... $2,307 ... E85 .......... 310/480
STANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 2WD 15/20 .... $1,940 ... Gas .......... 420/610
C1500 Yukon XL 2WD ........ A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/14 .... $2,499 ... E85 .......... 310/480
14/19 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420/610
CHEVROLET
C1500 Silverado 2WD ........ A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 12/16 .... $2,142 ... E85 .......... 310/480 SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WD
16/20 .... $1,835 ... Gas .......... 420/610
CHEVROLET
DODGE K1500 Avalanche 4WD ....... A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/14 .... $2,499 ... E85 .......... 310/440
Ram 1500 Pickup 2WD ...... A-5 ...... 4.7/8 .. 9/11 ...... $3,000 ... E85 .......... 260 14/18 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420/580
12/15 .... $2,538 ... Gas .......... 340 K1500 Suburban 4WD ......... A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/14 .... $2,499 ... E85 .......... 310/440
14/18 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420/580
FORD K1500 Tahoe 4WD .............. A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/14 .... $2,499 ... E85 .......... 310/440
F-150 Pickup 2WD FFV ...... A-4 ...... 5.4/8 .. 11/14 .... $2,499 ... E85 .......... 310 14/18 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420/580
14/19 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420
DODGE
GMC Durango 4WD ..................... A-5 ...... 4.7/8 .. 9/1 ...... $3,000 ... E85 .......... 260
1
C1500 Sierra 2WD .............. A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 12/16 .... $2,142 ... E85 .......... 310/480 12/15 .... $2,538 ... Gas .......... 340
16/20 .... $1,835 ... Gas .......... 420/610
GMC
NISSAN K1500 Yukon 4WD ............. A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/14 .... $2,499 ... E85 .......... 310/440
Titan 2WD ........................... A-5 ...... 5.6/8 .. 10/14 .... $2,499 ... E85 .......... 310/330 14/18 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420/580
14/19 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420/450 K1500 Yukon XL 4WD ........ A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/14 .... $2,499 ... E85 .......... 310/440
14/18 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420/580
STANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 4WD
CHEVROLET
K1500 Silverado 4WD ......... A-4 ...... 5.3/8 .. 11/14 .... $2,307 ... E85 .......... 310/440
15/19 .... $2,062 ... Gas .......... 420/580
WWW.FUELECONOMY.GOV 19
FUEL CELL VEHICLES
Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) may not reach the mass market for a decade or more, but a limited number will be available for sale or
lease in 2005-06 to demonstration fleets in areas with a readily accessible hydrogen supply. FCVs are propelled by electric motors
powered by fuel cells, which produce electricity from the chemical energy of hydrogen. Fuel cell technology is more efficient than
internal combustion engines and environmentally cleaner--the only byproduct of a hydrogen fuel cell is water. However, many
challenges must be overcome before FCVs are mass-marketed and sold at local dealerships. For more information about FCVs,
visit www.fueleconomy.gov and the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program Web site at www.eere.energy.gov/
hydrogenandfuelcells/.
Miles per Kilogram
Motor Energy Storage Device Fuel (City/Hwy) Range (miles)
SUBCOMPACT CARS
HONDA
FCX 80 kW DC Ultra Capacitor, 9.2 Farad Hydrogen 62/51 210
Brushless
MERCEDES-BENZ
F-Cell 65 kW Induction 200 V Ni-MH Battery Hydrogen 57-58 100
COMPACT CARS
FORD
Focus FWD 65 kW AC Induction 216 V Ni-MH Hydrogen 48/53 200
kw = kilowatts; DC = direct current; AC = alternating current
DIESEL VEHICLES
Diesel-powered vehicles typically get 30-35% more miles per gallon than comparable vehicles powered by gasoline. Diesel engines
are inherently more energy efficient, and diesel fuel contains 10% more energy per gallon than gasoline. In addition, new advances
in diesel engine technology have improved performance, reduced engine noise and fuel odor, and decreased emissions of harmful
air pollutants. New low-sulfur diesel fuels available beginning in 2006 will help reduce emissions from these vehicles even more.
Annual fuel costs below are estimated assuming 15,000 miles of travel each year (55% city and 45% highway) and a diesel fuel cost
of $2.05 per gallon.
Abbreviations
Abbreviations
Annual Fuel
Annual Fuel
Trans Type /
Trans Type /
Eng Size /
City / Hwy
City / Hwy
Cylinders
Cylinders
Eng Size
Speeds
Speeds
Notes /
Notes /
Cost
Cost
MPG
MPG
SUBCOMPACT CARS MIDSIZE CARS
VOLKSWAGEN MERCEDES-BENZ
New Beetle ......................................... M-5 ...... 1.9/4 .... 37/44 ........ $769 ... T E320 CDI ........................................... A-5 ...... 3.2/6 .... 27/37 ..... $1,024 ... T
........................................................... A-S6 .... 1.9/4 .... 35/42 ........ $809 ... T
SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WD
COMPACT CARS
JEEP
VOLKSWAGEN Liberty/Cherokee 4WD ...................... A-5 ...... 2.8/4 .... 22/26 ..... $1,338
Golf .................................................... M-5 ...... 1.9/4 .... 37/44 ........ $769 ... T
........................................................... A-S5 .... 1.9/4 .... 33/44 ........ $830 ... T
Jetta ................................................... M-5 ...... 1.9/4 .... 36/41 ........ $809 ... T
........................................................... A-S6 .... 1.9/4 .... 35/42 ........ $809 ... T